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Examination of Gait in a Child
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Prateek Behera, Nirmal Raj Gopinathan
Gait can be defined as a cyclical pattern of musculoskeletal motion that carries the body forwards. Simply stated, gait can be considered as the way an individual walks. Normal gait is smooth, symmetrical, and ergonomically economical, with each leg out of phase with the other.3–5 To walk properly, the efficient and complete coordination of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, bones, and joints is necessary. Any abnormality anywhere in these locations leads to an abnormal gait.
Developmental Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
James H. Tonsgard, Nikolas Mata-Machado
This is associated with clinical deficits; the degree of deficits is variable and sometimes severe: Absent Achilles' tendon reflexes.Incontinence, sensory loss in the feet or legs.Gait abnormalities.Static deficits and progressive dysfunction can be seen with growth.Sometimes the defect goes unnoticed until late childhood when increase in height results in stretching of the cord.A common presentation is the TCS.
Walking
Published in Paul Grimshaw, Michael Cole, Adrian Burden, Neil Fowler, Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics, 2019
In the analysis of any skill, it is important to understand the role of the various joint movements and body segments involved. Walking is no exception. The joint and segmental interactions involved in walking are so complex that it takes most humans a year to be able to “toddle” and a further three to four years to walk perfectly. Gait is defined according to the sequence of swing and support phases of the legs when the foot is either in the air (swing) or in contact with the floor (support or stance). Walking gait is characterised by periods of double support, where both feet are in contact with the ground, separated by periods of single support when one foot is on the ground while the other leg is swung forwards to make the next step. There is no time at which both feet break contact with the ground at the same time; in other words, there is no flight phase.
Reliability and applicability of a low-cost, camera-based gait evaluation method for clinical use
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Savvas Spanos, Asimakis Kanellopoulos, Kyriakos Petropoulakos, Zacharias Dimitriadis, Ioannis Siasios, Ioannis Poulis
Gait is a daily living activity, which could be unfavorably altered by a plethora of pathological conditions. Gait assessment is essential in rehabilitation since it constitutes a contributing parameter in patients’ functional status [1,2]. Therefore there is the need for valid, reliable and easy to use in routine clinical practice, gait assessment tools. Observational gait assessment tools require less time, little equipment, are cheap and more accessible, therefore are easy to use in routine clinical practice [3]. Although according to Guzik et al. [4], some observational scales showed strong correlation to 3D methods (gold standard) and seem to be effective tools that enable the assessment of gait, their assessment remains qualitative and as a result, they present luck of quantitative data. More than that, according to other studies, are difficult to use by less experienced clinicians [5] and are relatively subjective in nature, leading to low accuracy [6] as well as poor validity, reliability, sensitivity and specificity [7].
Review of ankle rehabilitation devices for treatment of equinus contracture
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Kamila Dostalova, Radek Tomasek, Martina Kalova, Miroslav Janura, Jiri Rosicky, Marek Schnitzer, Jiri Demel
Thera-Live has been used in case studies for with initial 153 chronic stroke patients by Ferrante et al. [32,34]. Three chronic stroke participants were later selected for treatment, each of them representing one gait pattern. 12 healthy subjects participated in order to compute the normality ranges. These studies focused on the fact that the nonparetic leg can compensate for the paretic leg, but in commercial ergometers the torque sensor does not distinguish between the contributions of each leg. Therefore, each crank arm of the ergometer was instrumented with a strain gauge to measure torque and a shaft encoder. This device does not come with its own seat; the patient sits in a chair or wheelchair (Figure 2c). The sensor information on the balance of both legs is then processed on the master PC and displayed on a secondary PC screen. The main limitations of study were the low number of participants, but some modifications on the gait kinematic pattern and mean velocity of gait were noted. The treatment was beneficial especially for people with very asymmetrical gait or overuse of healthy leg to compensate for their asymmetry [34].
Age-Related Changes in Smoothness of Gait of Healthy Children and Early Adolescents
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2020
Bruno Leban, Veronica Cimolin, Micaela Porta, Federico Arippa, Giuseppina Pilloni, Manuela Galli, Massimiliano Pau
In most cases, gait is represented and characterized through its main spatio-temporal parameters (speed, stride/step length, cadence, step width, duration of stance/swing/double support phases) that are widely studied in clinical gait analysis. They provide important information about organization and control of individuals’ gait strategy and are effective indicators of the quality of mobility (Gouelle & Mégrot, 2016). However, in some cases, they are ineffective in detecting alterations associated with the presence of conditions known to have a direct influence on motor milestone developments. For example, children affected by developmental coordination disorder, autism or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders, exhibit spatio-temporal parameters of gait hardly discernible from those of typically developing children (Calhoun, Longworth & Chester, 2011; Manicolo, Grob & Hagmann-von Arx, 2017; Wilmut, Du & Barnett, 2016).Thus, it appears important to have available other metrics able to reveal subtle changes in locomotor patterns, possibly more informative regarding overall body dynamics in gait compared with spatio-temporal parameters, and obtainable using reasonably simple instrumentation and data processing procedures.