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Examination of Gait in a Child
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Prateek Behera, Nirmal Raj Gopinathan
Gait examination is an important and integral part of clinical evaluation that gives enormous information about the dynamic and functional implications of the underlying pathology. As is always taught in clinics, an attentive clinician begins examination by observing the child walking into the clinic to assess the gait. The statement “A child’s footwear is itself a gait lab” by Dr. Alvin H. Crawford holds good in most walking children as the simple footwear can provide a lot of information about the way a child walks. It is especially important to understand that visual/observational gait analysis holds its importance even in the era of instrumented gait analysis labs.
Gait
Published in Manoj Ramachandran, Tom Nunn, Basic Orthopaedic Sciences, 2018
Pramod Achan, Mark Paterson, Fergal Monsell
A more objective method of assessing gait involves instrumented gait analysis, which in addition to video recordings in two planes, involves the following evaluations: Linear gait parameters.Kinematics.Kinetics.Electromyography (EMG).Energy expenditure.Pedobarography.
Section 2
Published in Abhaya Gupta, Jeremy Playfer, Bim Bhowmick, Measurement Scales Used in Elderly Care, 2017
Abhaya Gupta, Jeremy Playfer, Bim Bhowmick
Gait assessment is important for managing gait problems. A variety of methods are used by researchers for scoring gait analysis for gait impairments. Walking time, stride length, step length asymmetry, velocity, balance, arm swing, etc. using videos and computer-assisted programs have been used as variables to assess gait characteristics. However, there is no uniform single scale in common clinical usage. In a survey of 1826 physiotherapists in the UK National Health Service, it was found that there was no uniform systematic use of standardised gait assessment tools, and only 23% of respondents had patients assessed in a gait laboratory, even though management of abnormal gait constitutes a major aspect of physiotherapy practice.1
Direct superior approach versus posterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial on early outcomes on gait, risk of fall, clinical and self-reported measurements
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2021
Michele Ulivi, Luca Orlandini, Jacopo A Vitale, Valentina Meroni, Lorenzo Prandoni, Laura Mangiavini, Nicolò Rossi, Giuseppe M Peretti
Patients underwent clinical gait analysis before (PRE), 1 month (T1), and 3 months after (T3) surgery in the Motion Analysis Laboratory of our institute. For the gait analysis, a Helen Hayes marker set of 22 retro-reflective passive markers was used and a Davis biomechanical model was applied during data acquisition and processing (Davis et al. 1991). Patients were asked to walk as best as they could at a self-selected speed without walking aids along a 13-meter walkway at least 6 times. An optoelectronic system (SMART-D, BTS Bioengineering, Milan, Italy) with 8 infrared cameras (sampling rate 100 Hz) was used for spatiotemporal and kinematic data acquisition. Mark trajectories were recorded, reconstructed, and processed by SMART-D Analyzer software (BTS Bioengineering, Quincy, MA, USA). The gait parameters were: (1) spatiotemporal variables: stance phase (percentage), swing phase (percentage) step length (meters), stride length (meters), gait speed (m/s), and gait cadence (steps/minute); stance and swing were normalized as a percentage of the gait cycle; (2) kinematic parameters (in degrees): hip flexion–extension ROM, hip abduction–adduction ROM, hip rotation ROM, hip obliquity ROM.
Age-Related Changes in Smoothness of Gait of Healthy Children and Early Adolescents
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2020
Bruno Leban, Veronica Cimolin, Micaela Porta, Federico Arippa, Giuseppina Pilloni, Manuela Galli, Massimiliano Pau
In most cases, gait is represented and characterized through its main spatio-temporal parameters (speed, stride/step length, cadence, step width, duration of stance/swing/double support phases) that are widely studied in clinical gait analysis. They provide important information about organization and control of individuals’ gait strategy and are effective indicators of the quality of mobility (Gouelle & Mégrot, 2016). However, in some cases, they are ineffective in detecting alterations associated with the presence of conditions known to have a direct influence on motor milestone developments. For example, children affected by developmental coordination disorder, autism or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders, exhibit spatio-temporal parameters of gait hardly discernible from those of typically developing children (Calhoun, Longworth & Chester, 2011; Manicolo, Grob & Hagmann-von Arx, 2017; Wilmut, Du & Barnett, 2016).Thus, it appears important to have available other metrics able to reveal subtle changes in locomotor patterns, possibly more informative regarding overall body dynamics in gait compared with spatio-temporal parameters, and obtainable using reasonably simple instrumentation and data processing procedures.
Deep learning approach for prediction of impact peak appearance at ground reaction force signal of running activity
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Anastasiia Girka, Juha-Pekka Kulmala, Sami Äyrämö
Every second runner suffers from injuries on a yearly basis (Van Mechelen 1992; Taunton et al. 2002; Ristolainen et al. 2009). Since recreational running has obvious health benefits, it is important to avoid negative effects, such as injuries. The risk of injuries can be assessed by running gait analysis. Nowadays that implies 3D motion analysis along with utilization of force platforms including analysis of ground reaction force (GRF) signal over time, among other measured signals. GRF provides crucial information on a lower limb’s loading. In particular, a protruding impact peak (Figure 1) is one of the features of vertical GRF that is indirectly related to injury risk while running. Protruding impact peak is often related to heel striking, which gained a lot of interest in research on running-related sport injuries (Kulmala et al. 2013; Knorz et al. 2017).