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Learning Engineering Uses Data (Part 1): Instrumentation
Published in Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Learning Engineering Toolkit, 2023
Erin Czerwinski, Jim Goodell, Steve Ritter, Robert Sottilare, Khanh-Phuong Thai, Daniel Jacobs
Instrumentation uses sensors to capture data along with software and hardware to process and store data for analysis. Sensors are human-computer or environment-computer interfaces that capture data.Data pipelines are the software and hardware infrastructure for capturing, processing, and storing data.
Instrumentation and Operating Theater Set up in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Published in Theo Kofidis, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, 2021
Appropriate instrumentation for the type of surgery: the instrumentation largely depends on the type of surgery and surgical approach. The new armamentarium of minimally invasive heart surgery has widened the scope of different new approaches. The selection of appropriate instruments is a mandatory pre-requisite.
Electrophysiology
Published in A. Bakiya, K. Kamalanand, R. L. J. De Britto, Mechano-Electric Correlations in the Human Physiological System, 2021
A. Bakiya, K. Kamalanand, R. L. J. De Britto
Physiology is a branch of biology that deals with the functions of human organs under normal conditions (Marieb & Hoehn, 2007; Tortora & Derrickson, 2018). Generally, the physiological systems are classified into ten different organ systems, as shown in Figure 3.1. All the physiological systems are interdependent and together perform the living process. From a systems perspective, the physiological systems are highly non-linear, extremely complex and multi-input and multi-output systems (Saladin, 2004; Martini, 2006). The measured physiological variables are not independent variables. There are several unmeasurable variables associated with the physiological system/process. The field of biomedical instrumentation is aimed at diagnosis and treatment of diseases and to support life or improve the quality of life (Khandpur, 1987). The objectives of biomedical instrumentation are (Singh, 2014): Diagnosis: To identify or determine the problem or the pathologies in the living system.Monitoring: To monitor or continuously assess the disease progression and the impact of the treatment.Control: Instruments aimed at treatment and control of pathologies, diseases or malfunctions.Prosthesis: Artificial body parts such as implants.
Bone density optimized pedicle screw instrumentation improves screw pull-out force in lumbar vertebrae
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Sebastiano Caprara, Marie-Rosa Fasser, José Miguel Spirig, Jonas Widmer, Jess G. Snedeker, Mazda Farshad, Marco Senteler
In dorsal spinal instrumentation, methods for computational analysis supporting the preoperative planning phases are gaining considerable importance together with the increased popularity of intraoperative navigation (Dennler et al. 2020). Augmented reality together with the exploitation of additive manufacturing techniques for patient-specific surgical equipment have the potential to improve the accuracy of pedicle screw placement according to a preoperative plan (Malik et al. 2015; Farshad et al. 2017). These techniques combined with a computationally improved surgical plan accounting for important biomechanical aspects could not only improve clinical outcome by facilitating intraoperative instrumentation and enhancing accuracy (Farshad et al. 2017) but also by reducing complications such as screw loosening.
Comparison of clinical effectiveness of fenestrated and conventional pedicle screws in patients undergoing spinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Mitsuru Yagi, Mami Ogiri, Chantal E. Holy, Anh Bourcet
Surgeons will become more proficient with the use of fenestrated pedicle screws over the next few years, balancing the appropriate application of bone cement and reducing risks of cement leakage. Placement of fenestrated screws should be done with consideration to the length of the screw and the position of the fenestrations, which should be located as far as possible from the posterior wall to prevent leakage of cement material. More data from larger studies may strengthen our understanding of cement augmentation and technologies like fenestrated screws in the treatment of complex spinal cases. Additionally, surgical techniques and instrumentation technology are continuously improved. Therefore, we expect the use of fenestrated pedicle screws to become more widely used in spinal stabilization surgeries, which has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce the need for revision surgeries, particularly in osteoporotic and elderly patients.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Fibroblasts: Promise and Challenge
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Peggi M. Angel, Denys Rujchanarong, Sarah Pippin, Laura Spruill, Richard Drake
Given that the proteomic output of fibroblasts is linked to numerous reports predicting survival and diagnosing stages of disease, new approaches to understanding the proteomics of fibroblasts and their output will have significant clinical potential. Tests that report extracellular matrix content in tissues or biofluids have potential to be useful for earlier diagnosis, defining responders to therapies, and guiding treatment program decisions. A large barrier at the current time is the complexity of both the methods and the instrumentation. Methods need to be developed as simplified approaches that integrate with current clinical care. In this regard, the ability to detect extracellular matrix components in biofluids of serum, urine, or saliva currently has the most potential for point of care use. Approaches that interrogate the tissue microenvironment for clinically useful data should not require extra or different collection of biopsies from patients. Simplified methods are needed to assess cell level content from clinical tissue preservation used by pathologists such as tissues that are formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded. Instrumentation for sensitive detection of the protein structure is generally quite complex and is not suitable for rapid, high throughput, standardized clinical assays. The current instrumentation platforms need to be streamlined to a simple interactive interface for routine use by a clinical technician.