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Pain
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Jarred Williams, Katie Seabaugh, Molly Shepard, Dana Peroni
The multidisciplinary rehabilitation program described for humans by Volker et al. (2016) utilized a team comprised of a rehabilitation physician, an occupational therapist, a social worker, a psychologist, and a physical therapist. When dealing with horses, the veterinarian wears all these hats. They diagnose the injury (physician), understand the desired function of the patient (occupational therapist), predict the interaction between pasture-mates and owner (social worker), assess the demeanor of the horse (psychologist), and create a controlled exercise program (physical therapist).Most commonly, veterinarians balance stall rest and paddock turnout, deciding between hand walking and tack walking and fine-tuning rehabilitation timelines. Intermixed within these programs is the encompassment of additional rehabilitation techniques.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurocognitive Disorders
Published in Gail S. Anderson, Biological Influences on Criminal Behavior, 2019
The brain is the basis for all behavior. Whether learned or genetic, the knowledge required to remember, retain, retrieve, and perform behaviors is contained in the brain. The behavior may be simple (for example, eating, lifting a hand, walking) or highly complex (for example, thinking about and analyzing a situation and then reacting to it). Some are innate, or genetically controlled, behaviors and others are learned behaviors, such as language. Learning is a process that is both psychological and biological. As a person learns, the brain actually changes physically. It does not simply learn the information; rather, the acquisition of knowledge as environmental information is taken in, processed, and understood causes changes to take place in the biochemistry and cell structure of the brain. Most people are inclined to assume that a baby is born with a complete brain, which is a blank slate that only needs to be filled with information. This is not true: the brain grows and changes in response to the environment. Even genetically governed behavior is predisposed and designed to be changed by the environment. One of the brain’s normal functions is to be changed physically by experience; that is, the brain does not fully develop without experience. The brain is therefore a complex mixture of genetics and the environment, just like behavior.
What matters to patients with stroke in India and why: a qualitative study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
This study explored post-stroke outcome preferences from patients’ perspectives within Indian context. Although several outcomes preferred by our study participants are similar to that of patients living in Western cultural contexts, there are significant differences in how it is carried out within the Indian context. For example, our study participants' preferred outcomes such as the use of a squatting toilet, taking bucket baths, eating with the right hand, walking for short distance travel (about 1–2 km) and using public transportation (auto rickshaws, bus, and train) or motor cycles/scooters for long distance transportation. Further, they expressed a lack of interest in active leisure and recreational activities; spent their leisure time watching television, meeting friends and relatives, and attending social functions. Patients attributed socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, family structure, living conditions, and physical environment (natural and built environment) influencing their preferences of post-stroke outcomes.
The Effect of Cane Use on Attentional Demands During Walking
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2019
Tomotaka Suzuki, Kakuya Ogahara, Toshio Higashi, Kenichi Sugawara
To estimate the effect of cane use on attentional demands, it may be useful to focus on cane use-related changes in walking speed as well as RT. The load of cane use on walking appears to have a clear influence on walking speed. Even when forced to walk at an uncomfortable speed on a treadmill, attentional demands do not change much (Abernethy, Hanna, & Plooy, 2002). However, walking speed is reduced during dual-task walking and in proportion to poor executive function (Ble et al., 2005; Holtzer, Verghese, Xue, & Lipton, 2006). It has been suggested that executive function, which includes attention as a component, is closely related to the ability to walk efficiently (Yogev-Seligmann, Hausdorff, & Giladi, 2008). Thus, when cane use leads to increased attentional demands, cane users may adjust by reducing their walking speed because this is necessary to allow the execution of loaded dual-tasks. On the other hand, walking speed may be partly maintained when cane use leads to a decrease in the attentional demands necessary for postural control.
Local Dynamic Stability of the Locomotion of Lower Extremity Joints and Trunk During Backward Upslope Walking
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2019
Yu Wu, Anmin Liu, Ke-Rong Dai, Dong-Yun Gu
In our previous investigation, compared to forward walking, gait stability during backward walking was shown to be challenged (Wu et al., 2015). On the other hand, walking on the inclined surfaces was also found to decrease local dynamic stability particularly in upslope conditions (Vieira et al., 2017a). Unfortunately, as far as we knew, to date no study has reported gait stability during backward walking on inclined surfaces. This was the first time that the dual effects of the walking direction and slope grade on the gait stability of the joint and segment motions were investigated, aiming to predict whether the gait stability would be challenged during BUW, so as to examine whether BUW would be a promising tool to train gait stability.