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Laparoscopic versus Open Colorectal Resection: An Evidence-Based Review
Published in Haribhakti Sanjiv, Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, 2020
Last but not least, at the present time, appropriate surgical tumor management is defined by the tissue specimen being retrieved. Gross and microscopic pathology are core elements of tumor staging, and are relevant prognostic and predictive factors for treatment planning of a multimodality management. A new form of surgery combining the use of surgery and real-time image guidance has gained popularity in the field of surgical research. Cybernetic surgery is a combination of augmented skills, such as augmented reality and computer generated realistic 3D environments with real image guidance. The main goal is to increase the safety and accuracy of surgical procedures. Also, the use of near-infrared fluorescence (NIF) provides an expansion for the application of laparoscopic and robotic surgery. NIF can be used to assess blood supply and sentinel lymph node mapping in both colorectal and gastroesophageal surgeries. Intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) use can help in identifying the vascular and biliary anatomy, assessing organ and tissue perfusion, mapping lymph nodes, and real-time identification of lesions. In trying to predict future research, human and artificial intelligence may be considered one of the main target areas in new surgical platforms.
An introduction to systems theory
Published in David Kernick, Helen Bevan, Complexity and Healthcare Organization, 2018
Cybernetics, rather than being a method of practical solution of systems problems, is to be seen as a meta-theory - a set of statements about theories of systems. Emerging from the work of mathematicians such as Wiener in the Second World War,26 it seeks descriptions of system behaviour based essentially on feedback loops (as opposed to feed-forward loops). There is an assumption that the system is sensing its environment and responding to it (often described as homeostatic behaviour). Success is a state of insulation from changes in the environment. While cybernetics clearly represents a coherent theory of system behaviour, its ability to produce detailed solutions which are implementable managerially is very limited.
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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Cybernetics [Greek: kybernetes, director or helmsman] Control of functions and communications through feedback or self-regulating mechanisms in animals and machines. Term coined by American mathematician, Norbert Wiener (1894–1964) in 1948. Sir Matthew Hale (1606–1676), Lord Chief Justice of London, suggested this by comparing animals and artificial engines.
Occupational science’s stalled revolution and a manifesto for reconstruction
Published in Journal of Occupational Science, 2022
What I have sketched is a manifesto of reconstruction. Although a discipline looks different from different locations, shared purpose holds it together. The purpose of occupational science is somewhat greater than to keep occupational therapy on life support in the neoliberal university. I hope that this talk helps to initiate a more focused and inclusive conversation. Norbert Weiner, in his 1950 book The Human Use of Human Beings, warned that it would not be long before artificial intelligence—I include digital technology—would outstrip our ability to control it.88 This prediction from the founder of cybernetics—the study of the relationship between computers and the human nervous system—leaves occupational science today with a crucial question. After 40,000 years of hominid evolution—resulting in Homo sapiens as a distinct bio-psycho-social-cultural species—is it possible to improve our ability to solve the problems facing us? Can occupational science offer anything at this time of multiple and intersecting catastrophes? How do workable solutions, at any scale, come into being?
Biosemiotic medicine: Healing in the world of meaning
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2021
In Chapter 2, a model of cybersemiotics is presented that combines theories from cybernetic science and biosemiotics, as outlined in Chapter 1. The author, Søren Brier, presents a “cybersemiotic star” (Goli, pp. 24–25) as a visual model for diagramming systems of human knowledge in four domains: energy/matter, life, consciousness, and meaning. Here, Brier proposes a solution to the conceptual split found, for example, between describing and studying the brain as a material organ (through neuroimaging and other techniques), and the universal human experience of consciousness, emotions, and self as “I” (through psychology and other means) by providing a “transdisciplinary framework” (Goli, p. 29) and as one support for the why author believes that “brain and experiential consciousness data do not fit (Goli, p. 59).”
A Reflective Cybernetic Study on the Experiences of a Gay Male Teacher in the Free State Province
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2020
Complementing the “how” dynamics of the system, accordingly, this article will also draw on first order cybernetics in accordance to providing observations as an observer apart from the system; however, I acknowledge that while this is not fully possible, it has become a critical part of my own journey to understand scenarios and contexts with less interference from my own personal background. By extracting myself from the narrative as much as possible, I will be able to provide an exploration of what systemic parts relate to the overall system as a means to maintain structural integrity (Banathy & Jenlink, 2003). Emerging patterns identified through my observation of the system as an educator and wider research done in the area allow for the exploration of how componential interaction upholds the structure of how sexuality education is maintained (Becvar & Becvar, 2012). First and second order cybernetics will thus allow for the personal subjective construction of my narrative and experiences, while simultaneously upholding a form of objectivity through analyzing literature based on educational spaces and sexuality education within South Africa as well as the process of more objectively analyzing systems without fully allowing emotions and personal background to guide experiences nor the research process as a whole.