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Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
PBS is biodegradable aliphatic polyesters which is one of the members of biodegradable polymers family. In order to improve the properties number of copolymerization stages are made according to Darwin et al. [37]; Jin et al. (2000, 2001). Phenyl units are introduced into the side chain of PBS, which leads to the better biodegradability of the copolyesters. Jung et al. (1999) successfully synthesized new PBS copolyesters containing alicyclic 1; 4-cyclohexanedimethanol. The applications for PLA are mainly as thermoformed products such as drink cups, take-away food trays, containers, and planter boxes. Polystyrene and PET are partially replaced with PLA material due to the rigidity. Applications include mulch film, packaging film, bags, and ‘flushable’ hygiene products [38].
Bioengineering of Inorganic Nanoparticle Using Plant Materials to Fight Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Published in Richard L. K. Glover, Daniel Nyanganyura, Rofhiwa Bridget Mulaudzi, Maluta Steven Mufamadi, Green Synthesis in Nanomedicine and Human Health, 2021
Mpho Phehello Ngoepe, Maluta Steven Mufamadi
Mycobacterial cell wall mycolic acids, mannose and lactose have become one of the leading ligands for targeted drug delivery for TB management (Costa-Gouveia et al., 2017). Apart from target delivery, pharmaceutical agents can also be added to the surface of the nanoparticle. In the field of drug delivery, nanoparticles can serve as carriers of drugs either through encapsulation or surface conjugation where drug release is stimulated by an external (light, ultrasound or magnetic field) or internal stimuli (pH, redox balance or temperature changes) (Le et al., 2019). When functionalizing inorganic nanoparticles, various antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin have been conjugated to zinc oxide nanoparticles whilst ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, neomycin have been conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against bacterial infections (Singh et al., 2020). A recent study has also shown the use of tetracycline as a co‐reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles, with killing effect against both gram‐negative and gram‐positive tetracycline‐susceptible and tetracycline‐resistant bacteria (Djafari et al., 2016). By combining gold nanoparticles with a multiblock copolyester, Gajendiran and colleagues showed that multi-TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide) could be released over a period of 264 hours (Gajendiran et al., 2016).
Biodegradable synthetic polyesters in the technology of controlled dosage forms of antihypertensive drugs – the overview
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Maria Bialik, Marzena Kuras, Marcin Sobczak, Ewa Oledzka
Arterial hypertension is a disease of civilization and a major cause of premature death. The primary aim of the treatment of arterial hypertension is to achieve the maximum decrease in the long-term total risk of cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this review were to assess the suitability of the synthetic polyester carriers for delivery of antihypertensive drugs. Up to now, these polymers have been widely described and tested though mainly for anti-cancer drugs. Unfortunately, the use of polyester matrices in the arterial hypertension treatment is only theoretical. In this review, we present numerous studies describing various combinations of the synthetic polyester matrices for antihypertensive drugs. Most of the currently developed polyester DDSs of antihypertensive drugs have not yet made the clinical trials. Despite this, they were well characterized in terms of their physicochemical/biological properties and have proven useful for a wide range of applications. The most commonly used are homo- and copolyesters, such as: PCL, PLA, PLACL, and PLAGA. In addition, hydrophilic PEG is often used for modifying the properties of the developed matrices. The drug release profile can be controlled by e.g. modifying the average molecular weight of the matrix, its average particle size, monomer ratio, drug/polymer ratio, and process conditions. Consequently, a polyester carrier with specific and indicated properties can be obtained. Appropriate physicochemical properties cause that the polyester matrices can be used to obtain hypotensive prolonged-release dosage form.
Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates as medical implant biomaterials
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a diverse biopolyester synthesized by many bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy storage materials (Figure 1), have been produced in large quantity for various application researches [1,2], including medical implant research for approximately 30 years [3]. One of the earliest attempts in 1996 by Rivard et al. used a PHA copolyester termed poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) for orthopaedic and regeneration purposes [4]. The PHBV copolymer was transformed into 3D foams for the culture 3D of ovine chondrocytes and osteoblasts. The cellular growth and diffusion took place throughout the entire volume of the PHBV porous artificial substrata during the 30-day incubation. Soon after several successes, the first commercial company Tepha Inc. (Lexington, MA) was established to commercialize the implants based on PHA.
Novel advances in targeted drug delivery
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2018
Kıvılcım Öztürk, Hakan Eroğlu, Sema Çalış
Dhanikula et al. [70] reported the polyether-copolyester dendrimer-based delivery of methotrexate for enhanced efficacy and transport capability in gliomas. The authors used D-glucosamine as a ligand for the selective targeting and higher blood–brain barrier permeability because glucose receptors, such as the GLUT-1 receptor, are overexpressed in brain tumours, stomach, lungs, liver, pancreas, colon and retina. The glucosylation cellular uptake was increased up to 2–4.5-fold compared with free methotrexate.