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Nanomaterials in Chemotherapy
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
P. K. Hashim, Anjaneyulu Dirisala
MOFs, also known as coordination polymers, are a new class of hybrid material formed by the coordinate bonding interaction between metal ions or clusters and organic linkers. Typical MOFs are macro-sized crystals; however, their size regime can be tuned to nanoscales forming a unique family of nanoscale hybrid nanomaterials, referred to as nanoscale MOFs (NMOFs). Due to the porous nature together with intrinsic biodegradability, NMOFs are recently exploited as a nanocarrier in biomedical applications [202]. NMOFs can be synthesized in a controlled manner using appropriate metals and bridging ligands via several methods such as nanoscale precipitation, surfactant-templated, solvothermal, and reverse microemulsion. Drug loading is possible both by direct incorporation of drugs during NMOF synthesis and by a drug encapsulation after NMOF formation. However, loading efficiency is low in the former case due to the potential risk of structural instability at a higher concentration of the drug. In the latter case, the drug is supplied into a NMOF solution where a non- covalent or a designed covalent interaction holds the drug in the pores of NMOF. A sustained drug release is observed in some of the NMOF loaded with therapeutic agents.
Antibacterial application and toxicity of metal–organic frameworks
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Wanling Zhao, Jinqiong Deng, Yan Ren, Liyuan Xie, Weirong Li, Qi Wang, Shengqing Li, Sijun Liu
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new type of nanoporous coordination polymers, which are a kind of porous skeletal material formed by the connection of metal ions and organic ligands (Yaghi, Li, and Li 1995). They were first proposed by Yaghi, Li, and Li (1995). Using pyromellitic 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) with a rigid structure as an organic ligand connected to metal ion cobalt, a porous stereo structure material was synthesized, and it was declared the first MOF compound (Yaghi and Li 1995). Notably, MOFs have high structural stabilities, regular shapes, large specific surface areas, and high porosities. Different ligand structures make the functional structure of metal–organic coordination polymers diverse and adjustable. These properties facilitate the widespread use of MOFs in physical and chemical fields, such as gas storage (Xiao et al. 2007), adsorption and separation (Moghadam et al. 2018; Montoro et al. 2012; Cuchiaro et al. 2020), thermal energy conversion and catalysis (Yang, Xu, and Jiang 2017; Rui et al. 2019), and optical processes (Medishetty et al. 2017). In the biomedical field, they are also increasingly used in biomolecule transmission (He et al. 2014), sensing (He et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2013), fluorescence imaging (Lu et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2019), antimicrobial agents (Zhang et al. 2019), drug transport carriers, and medical diagnosis and treatment (Orellana et al. 2016; Zhuang et al. 2020).
Zinc-based metal–organic frameworks as nontoxic and biodegradable platforms for biomedical applications: review study
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2019
Sonia Bahrani, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Rouhollah Azhdari
The adsorption and delivery of procainamide as cationic drug (22 wt%) was performed by the Zn-based bio-MOFs (zinc-adeninate MOF) which released the loaded drug after 3 d in PBS (pH = 7.4) (Zhang et al. 2018). The bio-MOF-1 with BET surface area of around 1700 m2·g−1 exhibits an anionic porous nature (Zhang et al. 2018). Lucena et al. (2018) synthesized a luminescent and nontoxic coordination polymer (BioMOF) with dicarboxylic acid and adenine linkers. The blue-emitting of BioMOF exhibited fine loading capacity (1.72 g.g−1) and satisfactory release capability (56% after 2 d) for diclofenac sodium. One of the bio-MOFs with high porosity, medi-MOF-1, prepared by Sun et al. with curcumin as the linker. Medi-MOF-1 with high surface area (3002 m2.g−1) served as a drug delivery system for ibuprofen (Figure 17) (Su et al. 2015). The MTT assay results showed that medi-MOF-1 exhibits a remarkable cell growth inhibitory against the pancreatic (BxPC-3) cancer cells (Figure 18).
3D printing technology in healthcare: applications, regulatory understanding, IP repository and clinical trial status
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Dipak Kumar Gupta, Mohd Humair Ali, Asad Ali, Pooja Jain, Md. Khalid Anwer, Zeenat Iqbal, Mohd. Aamir Mirza
Coordination polymers (CPs) and coordination network solids such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been popularised due to their outstanding properties and viable applications. 3D- printed structures using CP find utility in fields such as catalysis and sensing. Halevi et al. introduced a novel idea to acquire 3D- printed articles composed of only CP material using coordination metal complexes as monomeric components. A 3D shaped nickel tetraacrylamide monomeric complex composed of CP alone was constructed conveniently by employing direct print-and-form method. This work opens new horizons and unlimited potential in additive manufacturing and utilisation of CPs [101]