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Stimulus-Receptive Conductive Polymers for Tissue Engineering
Published in Naznin Sultana, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Chin Fhong Soon, Tissue Engineering Strategies for Organ Regeneration, 2020
A conductive polymer is a very long chain of organic and inorganic molecules that can conduct electricity. The oldest conductive polymer is Polyaniline, which was discovered by Letheby in 1862, using the method of anodic oxidation of aniline in sulfuric acid (Inzelt et al. 2000). However, only partly conductive material was obtained (Heeger et al. 2000).
Innovative industrial technology starts with iodine
Published in Tatsuo Kaiho, Iodine Made Simple, 2017
Every day, we benefit from various synthetic polymers. For example, we use PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plastic bottles, polyethylene shopping bags, and PVC (polyvinyl chloride) water pipes. Under normal conditions, these polymers are insulators and do not conduct electricity. However, various conductive polymers are now being developed.
Tailoring synthetic polymeric biomaterials towards nerve tissue engineering: a review
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Hamed Amani, Hanif Kazerooni, Hossein Hassanpoor, Abolfazl Akbarzadeh, Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
It was found that fabrication of polyurethane conduit based on PCL, PEG, and 1,6-hexamethyl diisocyanate is more efficient for peripheral nerve regeneration owing to better degradation rate compared to PCL one. They found that although PCL segments into the structure of polyurethane might decrease biodegradation owing to its hydrophobic property, the PEG segments provide the possibility for easier hydrolysis and enzymolysis due to its hydrophilic characteristics. The authors mentioned elastomeric polyurethane conduit lost 66.7% of its weight in 14 weeks owing to the presence of 33.3% PEG into the structure of conduit while degradation of PCL is more than one year [130]. Likewise, Niu et al. reported that scaffolds from block polyurethanes based on PCL/PEG demonstrated much better regeneration behaviour than PCL, silicone tube due to the presence of biochemical and topographic cues and highly surface-area porous [131]. It has been reported that coating of polyurethane with conductive polymers or blending with other polymers has resulted in improvement of the physicochemical properties such as mechanical strength, cytocompatibility, and electrical conductivity for nerve tissue engineering [132].
Recent trends and perspectives in enzyme based biosensor development for the screening of triglycerides: a comprehensive review
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Vinita Hooda, Anjum Gahlaut, Ashish Gothwal, Vikas Hooda
Researchers have shown enormous interest in the electrochemical biosensors employing conducting polymer (CP) as they are cost-effective, stable, durable and easy to fabricate. In addition, these biosensors offer a direct electrical visualization of the analyte presence along with high selectivity and sensitivity when an appropriate enzyme is immobilized in the conducting polymer matrix. The utilization of conducting polymer simplifies the designs of biosensors as these materials behave both as transducers and sensing elements at the same time [48]. In 2007, Speiser constructed a TG biosensor using a nanocomposite film consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and polyaniline (PANI). Using electrophoretic technique, the film was coupled onto the surface of ITO coated glass plate. The linear sweep voltammetry was used to carry out response studies [49]. In 2010, Dhand et al. fabricated a working bioelectrode represented as Lipase-GDH/PANI-SWCNT-TB/ITO, which could detect tributyrin in the concentration range of 50–400 mg/dL−1 in a short response time of 12 s. The electrode displayed high sensitivity of 4.28 × 10−4 mA mg/dL and storage stability of 91 days [50]. In 2014, Jeong et al. developed a TG biosensor by immobilizing lipase, GK and GPO onto the polymer matrices via covalent binding. The detection range of the proposed biosensor was 15–20 mg/dL of micellar TG in serum of patients [51]. Poor processibilty and chemical instability were critical challenge of these biosensors.
Bacterial anti-adhesion activity based on the electrochemical properties of polymethacrylates bearing ferrocenyl pendant groups
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Ronald W. Nguema Edzang, The Hy Duong, Jean-François Briand, Marlène Lejars, Jean-Manuel Raimundo, Christine Bressy, Hugues Brisset
In all cases, an important decrease in the current intensity was observed compared to the initial values. This decrease could be attributed to the swelling/deflation of internally reversible ion diffusion polymers during oxidation and reduction of ferrocenyl groups. This phenomenon has been widely reported for conductive polymers. In the present case, the swelling of the polymers under oxidation leads to ferrocenyl groups moving away from the surface of the electrode. The consequence was a decrease in the intensity due to an increasing difficulty of oxidizing the farthest ferrocenyl groups. During the 15 h test, this phenomenon became faster and faster, thus explaining the decreasing intensity. NMR analyses after 15 h revealed no hydrolysis of the polymers (data not shown). Moreover, the redox system of the ferrocenyl groups was recovered after drying the polymers. These results are in good agreement with the hypothesis. In all cases, anodic peaks of ferrocenyl groups were still observed after 15 h, indicating that an electroactivity could be observed from the beginning to the end of the assay. In other words, the electrochemical activity of the ferrocenyl groups was maintained during the entire test.