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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Some authors believe that combined allergy to wood and coal tars could be the consequence of cross-sensitization rather than due to long-term previous topical treatment with both tar derivatives (20). Co-reaction to birch tar (5); to wood tars (19,23).
Production of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Very different products can result from the dry distillation of plant matter. ISO Standard 9235 specifies in Section 3.1.4 that products of dry distillation, for example, “… obtained by distillation without added water or steam” are in fact essential oils (ISO/DIS, 9235.2, 1997, p. 2). Dry distillation involves heating in the absence of aerial oxygen, normally in a closed vessel, preventing combustion. The plant material is thus decomposed to new chemical substances. Birch tar from the wood exudate of Betula pendula Roth. and cade oil from the wood of Juniperus oxycedrus L. are manufactured in this way. Both oils contain phenols, some of which are recognized carcinogens. For this reason, the production of these two oils is no longer of any commercial importance, though very highly rectified and almost phenol-free cade oils do exist.
Fatty acids, esters, and biogenic oil disinfectants: novel agents against bacteria
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Aruna Lamba, Jonathan Kopel, David Westenberg, Shubhender Kapila
Ames strains were killed in preliminary tests using FOG oil and methyl soyate aerosols. The results of further tests demonstrated that the aerosol components were deadly to the bacterial grass on the medium’s surface and could easily disseminate through barriers like Kimwipe and stationery paper. Additionally, it was discovered that this lethality was time and temperature dependent. Further tests revealed that the aerosols’ mortality extended beyond just Ames strains to include gram-positive, gram-negative, and spore-forming bacteria like Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, many of these oil vapors yield synergistic effects, resulting in better disinfection. The antibacterial activity of oils and their constituents has been known for many years. An in vitro study showed that among volatile oils, the highest antibacterial activity was observed with eucalyptus, birch tar, cinnamon, balsam of tolu, and cedar leaf oils. Furthermore, Bacillus subtilis was shown to be the most susceptible organism to the volatile oils, while Aerobacter aerogenes was shown to be the most resistant.29 Greater sum totals of zone of inhibition were observed while testing antifungal properties of essential oils like oregano, lemon grass, thyme, sweet birch, coriander, and cinnamon. However, the mode of action of these volatile oils is unknown.