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Herbal Drug Discovery Against Inflammation: From Traditional Wisdom to Modern Therapeutics
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Shalini Dixit, Karuna Shanker, Madhumita Srivastava, Priyanka Maurya, Nupur Srivastava, Jyotshna, Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule
Pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) as aglycones of saponins have been used as anti-inflammatory remedies in folk medicine (Safayhi and Sailer, 1997). Betula alba, B. pendula, B. pubescent, and B. platyphylla containing betulin as an active biological constituent. Studies reported on the activity of methanolic extract from the rhizomes of N. nucifera, as well as betulin and betulinic acid, revealed a marked inhibition of the carrageenan and serotonin-induced rat paw edema. The fruit juice of Ecballium elaterium L.A Cucurbitacin. (Family-Cucurbitaceae) used as Turkish folk medicine for the treatment of sinusitis has been investigated for its anti-inflammatory activity (Perez, 2001). Plant sterols and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces systemic inflammation as well as are cardioprotective in hyperlipidemic individuals (Micallef and Garga, 2009). Oleanolic acid 3-glucoside Isolated from Randia dumetorum Lam. (Rubiaceae) seeds showed significant anti-arthritic activity in the exudative and proliferative phases of inflammation in rats (Perez, 2001). Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae) and Bryophyllum pinnatum (Crassulaceae) contain ß-sitosterol which shows anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities which have been studied on carrageenan-induced edema, cotton pellet implantation, and Brewer´s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. ß-Sitosterol was found to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity against both tests, similar to hydrocortisone and oxyphenbutazone (Perez, 2001).
Ayurveda Renaissance – Quo Vadis?
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
Betulin is a triterpene present in six different plants used in Ayurveda (Dinnimath et al. 2017). It was identified to be structurally similar to calcidiol, a major circulating metabolite of vitamin D3 used in the treatment of rickets in children (Lee et al. 2013) and osteoporosis in adults (Brandi and Minisola 2013). All six plants containing betulin are traditionally used against chronic rheumatism, a disease closely related to rickets and osteoporosis. This study demonstrates that this integrated in silico ethnopharmacological approach would help to unravel the molecular basis of the therapeutic actions of ayurvedic medicinal plants, repurposing of drugs, and the identification of novel chemical entities with attractive scaffolds for drug discovery (Polur et al. 2011).
Modulating effect of a new ester, 28-O-phosphatidylbetulin (DAPB), obtained from hen egg yolk lecithin and betulin on lymphocyte subsets and humoral immune response in mice
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2019
Magdalena Lis, Barbara Barycza, Angelika Sysak, Aleksandra Pawlak, Agnieszka Suszko-Pawłowska, Marianna Szczypka, Czesław Wawrzeńczyk, Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
Betulin is a lupane-type triterpene alcohol, abundant (up to 30%) especially in the bark of Betula species. Betulin protects plant cells mainly due to its antibacterial and antifungal activity [1,2]. Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of this substance were also confirmed [3,4]. Unfortunately, betulin exhibits nonselective cytotoxic effects towards normal and cancer cell lines [5]. However, a nontoxic product of betulin oxidation, betulinic acid, is a selective apoptotic factor in various animal and human cancers [6]. Betulinic acid is a promising anticancer, antiviral, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory drug, at final steps clinical trials [7,8]. Cytotoxic activity of betulin and betulinic acid has been studied extensively against normal and tumor cell lines, whereas the immunomodulatory activity of other betulin derivatives enjoyed less attention.