China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Commercial Production of Radioisotopes for Nuclear Medicine
Published in Garimella V. S. Rayudu, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radiotracers for Medical Applications, 2019
The interaction of primary concern in radionuclide production is the one that produces a radioactive isotope. The cross-section for this type of interaction is commonly called the activation or production cross-section. It should be pointed out that activation is one of the absorption processes and a total absorption cross-section should not be confused with the activation cross-section.
The benefits of folic acid-modified gold nanoparticles in CT-based molecular imaging: radiation dose reduction and image contrast enhancement
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Jaber Beik, Maryam Jafariyan, Alireza Montazerabadi, Ali Ghadimi-Daresajini, Parastoo Tarighi, Alireza Mahmoudabadi, Habib Ghaznavi, Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
Understanding the physical rationale behind the interaction of X-ray with material can be helpful for developing suitable CT contrast agents. The photoelectric effect is the predominant mechanism of the interaction of X-ray with material at the kV energy level of clinical CT imaging, which is responsible for X-ray attenuation. The photoelectric absorption cross-section is strongly dependent on the atomic number (Z) of interacting material, which is proportional to Z4. As a consequence, high-Z materials represent a higher probability of emitting secondary radiations (e.g. Auger electrons and photoelectrons), causing an increased X-ray absorption. Accordingly, AuNPs, owing to their high atomic number (Z = 79) and electron density, have an intense X-ray attenuation coefficient, which renders them as elegant CT contrast agents [30,31].
Heat transfer from nanoparticles for targeted destruction of infectious organisms
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2018
Michael B. Cortie, David L. Cortie, Victoria Timchenko
In the case of optical excitation, the power captured by an isolated nanoparticle that is undergoing a localised plasmon resonance is Cabs(λ) the wavelength-dependent absorption cross-section, E(λ) is the spectral irradiance of the light source (W m–2 nm−1), and λ1 and λ2 (nm) are the limiting wavelengths of light over which the light source operates [54]. Cabs(λ) is readily available for arbitrary shapes by calculation [61]. For illustrative purposes, a gold nanoparticle of 30 nm diameter will generate 1.4 × 10−9 W when irradiated with a 100 mW laser of 0.5 mm diameter under conditions where Qabs = 4.
Investigation of radiation protective features of azadispiro derivatives and their genotoxic potential with Ames/Salmonella test system
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Burak Alaylar, Bünyamin Aygün, Kadir Turhan, Mehmet Karadayı, Esra Cinan, Zuhal Turgut, Gökçe Karadayı, Mohammed Ibrahim Abu Al-Sayyed, Medine Güllüce, Abdulhalik Karabulut
By the results, neutron absorption cross-section (1), scattering cross-section (2), and total cross-section (3) are designated as below.