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Environmental Toxins
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms. Ozone occurs naturally in the environment but can also be a man-made product that has adverse effects on human health. Stratospheric ozone occurs naturally and reduces the amount of harmful ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface. Ground level ozone is formed from man-made processes and is able to be inhaled by humans. Ground level ozone is mainly formed from photochemical reactions between two major classes of air pollutants, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides. Significant sources of VOC in the environment are chemical plants, gasoline pumps, and autobody shops. Nitrogen oxides result primarily from high temperature combustion from sources such as power plants, industrial furnaces and boilers, and motor vehicles (EPA, 2021a).
The atmosphere
Published in Andrew M. Luks, Philip N. Ainslie, Justin S. Lawley, Robert C. Roach, Tatum S. Simonson, Ward, Milledge and West's High Altitude Medicine and Physiology, 2021
Andrew M. Luks, Philip N. Ainslie, Justin S. Lawley, Robert C. Roach, Tatum S. Simonson
Ozone (O3) is a potentially toxic gas and an important constituent of smog. Ozone can cause inflammation of mucous membranes and bronchi, cough, throat irritation, bronchoconstriction, and dyspnea. It is interesting, therefore, that increased concentrations have been recorded in the European Alps (Stohl et al. 2000) and at very high altitudes on Mount Everest (Bonasoni et al. 2008; Semple and Moore 2008; Zhu et al. 2006). Surface measurements in the Mount Everest region have exceeded 140 ppb during an eight-hour exposure (Semple and Moore 2009). These surface measurements increase with increasing altitude and are highest in the spring months (Semple et al. 2016). Two mechanisms for the increased concentrations have been identified on Mount Everest. One is ozone penetrating from the stratosphere in the premonsoon period, and the other is ozone from the troposphere during monsoon periods. The latter may be related to the so-called Asian Brown Clouds resulting from pollution in South East Asia and the Indo-Gangetic plain (Ramanathan et al. 2007; Semple et al. 2016).
Ozone Therapy in Oncology Patients
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
The oxygen supply to the tissues improves after ozone therapy. These effects respond to different mechanisms, and there are several experimental pointers to confirm this phenomenon. Ozone therapy reverses the erythrocyte aggregation of occlusive arterial diseases by changes in the electric charges of the erythrocyte membrane. The increase in the rate of glycolysis in the erythrocyte is accompanied by a significant increase in the exchange of sodium and potassium ions, which are responsible for maintaining the membrane electrical potential, normalizing the exchange of such ions. Occlusive arterial diseases are related to the loss of the normal potential of the erythrocyte plasmatic membrane. The normalization of ion exchange by ozone and its products favors the restoration of normal membrane potential. Accordingly, through regeneration of the normal electrical conditions of the membrane, ozone promotes the recovery of the flexibility and plasticity of the erythrocytes, thus improving the rheological properties of the blood and improving oxygen transport. In addition, during the treatment with ozone, a lower settling velocity is observed, with a decrease in viscosity, which explains the improvement in hemorrhagic indicators of these patients [1–5].
ALSUntangled #68: ozone therapy
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2023
Yuyao Sun, Paul Barkhaus, Benjamin Barnes, Morgan Beauchamp, Michael Benatar, Tulio Bertorini, Mark Bromberg, Gregory T. Carter, Jesse Crayle, Merit Cudkowicz, Mazen Dimachkie, Eva L. Feldman, Timothy Fullam, Terry Heiman-Patterson, Sartaj Jhooty, Isaac Lund, Christopher Mcdermott, Gary Pattee, Kaitlyn Pierce, Dylan Ratner, Paul Wicks, Richard Bedlack
There is an online protocol for using ozone as an ALS treatment (30). However, it is not clear to us that this protocol has ever been studied so we do not know what benefits and/or side effects it might produce. Ozone therapy should never be administered by inhalation because of the risk of life-threatening pulmonary edema (3,31). The dose-effect relationship of ozone therapy delivered in other ways (autohemotherapy, ozonized saline solution, insufflation, etc.) is hormetic (32). This means that low doses can be anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory, but higher doses can be toxic. According to the Madrid Declaration of ozone therapy (31), an online document written by scientists, dentists, pharmacists, and physicians with interests and experience in administering ozone, the potential therapeutic dosage for systemic treatment ranges between 5.0 and 6.0 mg per treatment, and concentrations of 10–50 μg/Nml are safe. Non-serious adverse events may occur at these doses, related to the administration technique. For example, side effects of autohemotherapy can include itching on lips and tongue, nausea, bad taste in the mouth, and dyspnea. Rectal insufflation can cause bloating and constipation. Higher doses of ozone may cause serious side effects, including stroke, myocardial infarction, and death (31). Given all this, if ozone therapy is at all useful in the treatment of ALS, the therapeutic dosing range is likely quite narrow. Because of the small risk of serious side effects including death, we assign a TOE “Risks” grade of D.
Effect of ozone versus naringin on testicular injury in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in adult male albino rats
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2022
Abeer M. Azmy, Bassant T. Abd Elbaki, Mohammed A. Ali, Abeer A Mahmoud
Natural gas ozone has no color and a characteristic odor when it is at room temperature.21 After being administered, ozone therapy (OT) dissolves in biological fluids and activates antioxidant systems.22 Ozone treatment uses a mixture of ozone and oxygen, which is both safe and affordable for the treatment of different physiopathologic events mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS).23 Ozone therapy, in contrast to pharmacological treatment, promotes disease resistance by triggering the body’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.24 Immune modulations, neoangiogenesis, and improved tissue oxygenation are ozone’s other significant effects.25 Research has specifically investigated at how ozone therapy can prevent testis damage caused by a variety of methods by decreasing levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress.26
Statistical regression analysis of functional and shape data
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2020
Mengmeng Guo, Jingyong Su, Li Sun, Guofeng Cao
Ozone is an inorganic molecule made up of three oxygen atoms 10]. In the Southern Hemisphere spring (September to November), there is a big decline in the total ozone centered over Antarctica. Figure 2 is an example of ozone hole image. Blue and purple colored areas show the very low ozone values over Antarctica, and the ozone hole contour is denoted by red. 220 Dobson Units is used as a baseline value for ozone hole. Ozone loss is the region of 220 Dobson Units or less. From direct measurements over Antarctica, a column ozone level of less than 220 Dobson Units is a result of the ozone loss from chlorine and bromine compounds by Faheyand and Hegglin [10]. Using ozone hole data collected on NASA website https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov, we can obtain the contour of ozone hole that is enclosed by a line of 220 Dobson Units values. One can calculate the ozone hole area on the Earth.