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Russian Federation
Published in Dinesh Bhugra, Samson Tse, Roger Ng, Nori Takei, Routledge Handbook of Psychiatry in Asia, 2015
Valery Krasnov, Nikolay Bokhan
The whole system of psychiatric care has shown contradictory tendencies in its development (Table 3.1). On the one hand, taking into account the shortages in state budget allocations, the provision of psychiatric care through local psychiatric dispensaries that are open to the general public and connected to local psychiatric hospitals is a practical expedient. On the other hand, stigma and societal prejudices against psychiatry and psychiatric institutions hinder the development of psychiatric dispensaries. Many psychiatrists, especially psychotherapists, have left the public sector to work in private practice (Table 3.2). Only about 30–35 per cent of all mentally ill patients apply for psychiatric assistance in a dispensary. The prevalence of mental disorders registered in psychiatric institutions reached 2,951.1 per 100,000 population in 2011. In addition, approximately 25–30 per cent of primary-care patients need psychiatric consultations (Krasnov, 2008). The need has arisen to reform outpatient psychiatric care, and the development of alternative forms of care is also required.
The de facto US mental health services system: A public health perspective *
Published in Phil Brown, Mental Health Care and Social Policy, 1985
Darrel A. Regier, Irving D. Goldberg, Carl A. Taube
Epidemiological research findings are initially reviewed to present our current best estimates of the true prevalence of mental disorder in the population. Second, the results of a separate examination of the general medical practice and specialty mental health service sectors (as defined below) are presented to determine the number of individuals with mental disorder diagnosed and/or treated in these settings. Finally, some consideration is given to the affected persons not seen in the health or mental health sectors — some of whom may receive other human services. A detailed description of the estimation procedures is provided, both to clarify current deficiencies and to enable a better focus for filling information gaps through future research.
Key to mental health in the community
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Billy C.F. Chiu, Yumi Y.T. Chan
Mental disorders always inflict great distress on patients and their loved ones. The prevalence of mental disorders has been increasing in the world. According to the Global status report on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (2010), 36 million deaths out of 57 million deaths were due to non-communicable diseases in 2008. It was contributed by the age composition of the population changes as a result of the increased life expectancy, and thus by the increase in number of elderlies with mental disorders (Insel, 2014). A study in 2017 estimated that 792 million people lived with a mental health disorder, slightly more than 1 in 10 people globally (10.7%; Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The World Health Organisation (WHO) (2019) has also mentioned that about one in four people worldwide will be affected by mental or neurological disorders at all ages. A study showed that there was a variation of the prevalence of mental disorders among different countries. In five countries including Colombia, France, New Zealand, Ukraine and the United States, the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was more than one in three people, while more than one in four people in six countries including Belgium, Germany, Lebanon, Mexico, Netherlands and South Africa, and more than one in six people in four other countries including Israel, Italy, Japan and Spain. The prevalence in China (13.2%) and Nigeria (12.0%) were slightly lower than that of other countries (Kessler et al., 2009).
Antiretroviral treatment adherence and mental disorders: observational case-control study in people living with HIV in Spain
Published in AIDS Care, 2022
Carlos Parro-Torres, Daniel Hernández-Huerta, Enriqueta Ochoa-Mangado, María Jesús Pérez-Elías, Enrique Baca-García, Agustín Madoz-Gúrpide
Ever since the first HIV infections were described in the United States, the literature has amply evidenced the existence of a relationship between HIV and mental disorders (Bing et al., 2001). The most recent studies have still reported a lifetime prevalence of mental disorders of between 38.6% and a 63%, which is considerably higher than the 33% estimated for the general population (Skalski et al., 2015; Tegger et al., 2008). Meanwhile, with regard to substance use disorders (SUD), prevalence has been established at around 45% (21–71%) in PLWHA (Hartzler et al., 2017), which is again higher than the 30.8% estimated for the adult population in Spain (Sendino et al., 2016), while the presence of a SUD and a concomitant mental disorder (dual disorder – DD) occurs in up to 38% of patients with HIV (Tegger et al., 2008).
University students under lockdown, the psychosocial effects and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study in Egypt
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Ahmed Hashem El-Monshed, Ahmed Anwer El-Adl, Ahmed Salah Ali, Ahmed Loutfy
Mental disorders are a major public health concern. The global lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in adults is estimated to be between 12.2%–48.6% and the 12-month prevalence between 4.3% and 26.4%.3,4 Arab countries generally have a higher burden of mental health disorders, as measured by the disability-adjusted life years, relative to the rest of the world.5,6 In fact, of all the countries within the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Egypt is the only country to have a burden of mental illness equivalent to the global level.3 In an Egyptian study, the General Health Questionnaire was administered to over 25,000 individuals; the overall prevalence of mental disorders in the surveyed sample was 16.93%. As group entities, the three most common disorders in the surveyed sample were mood disorders (6.43%), anxiety disorders (4.75%) and multiple disorders (4.72%).7
Analysis of global prevalence of mental and substance use disorders within countries: focus on sociodemographic characteristics and income levels
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2022
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Dinesh Bhugra
Table 1 presents the crude global prevalence rates of mental and substance use disorders in 2019. There was an overall prevalence of mental disorders of 13% and 2.2% for substance-use disorders. Anxiety disorders reported higher prevalence of 4.1%, followed by depressive disorders (total of 3.8% with 2.49% for major depressive disorder, and 1.35% dysthymia), intellectual disability (1.5%), ADHD (1.1%), conduct disorders (0.5%), bipolar disorders (0.5%), autism spectrum disorders (0.4%), schizophrenia (0.3%), and eating disorders (0.2% total, including 0.13% for bulimia nervosa and 0.05% for anorexia nervosa). Other mental disorders reported a prevalence of 1.6%. Not surprisingly, in substance use disorders, there was a higher prevalence of alcohol use disorders (1.5%) than (other) drug use disorders (0.8%). Among dugs, cannabis use disorders were highly prevalent (0.32%), followed by opioid use disorders (0.29%), amphetamine use disorders (0.10%), and cocaine use disorders (0.06%). Other drug use disorders were rated at 0.02%.