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Cancer
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Survival means the percentage of people who are still alive, after diagnosis, after a certain time. Often, this is recorded after one year (Table 14.4), five years or 10 years. Disease-free survival refers to the number of people who are not only alive but are also well with no recurrence of cancer. In the UK the number of people who have survived cancer for 10 years or more has doubled over the last 40 years to 50%, but there is significant variation across different cancer typessurvival from breast, bowel and prostate cancers is highest in middle age, but survival of other cancers is best in those under 40 years oldbetween 1971 and 2010/11, the UK saw notable improvements in the survival of cancer in prostate, malignant melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukaemia, bowel cancer and female breast cancerbetween 1971 and 2010/11, the UK has seen very little improvement in the survival of cancer in the brain, oesophagus and lung, and no change in pancreatic cancer(Cancer Research UK, 2020a)
Elective versus Therapeutic Neck Dissection in Node-Negative Oral Cancer
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
A prospective, single-centre randomised controlled clinical trial of patients undergoing surgical treatment of lateralised T stage 1 and 2, N stage 0, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Primary site treatment was by transoral excision without reconstruction, and patients were randomly allocated to either ipsilateral neck dissection or watchful waiting followed by neck dissection in the event of nodal relapse. Primary and secondary endpoints were overall survival and disease-free survival.
Monoclonal Antibodies and Complement for Autologous Marrow Purging
Published in Adrian P. Gee, BONE MARROW PROCESSING and PURGING, 2020
Investigators from the University of Minnesota have used a cocktail of three mAb, BA-1 (CD24), BA-2 (CD9) and BA-3 (CD10) plus C′ for purging B-lineage ALL, and anti-CD5 and CD7 mAb for T-lineage ALL.32 The long-term disease-free survival of a group of 130 patients was 17 ±8% at 3 years.33
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for recurrent endometrial cancer
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Levent Mutlu, Justin Harold, Joan Tymon-Rosario, Alessandro D. Santin
In preclinical models, radiation treatment was shown to increase PD-L1 expression, upregulation of MHC-I molecules on tumor cells, increased proinflammatory molecules, increased leukocyte migration to the tumor cells [45,63–66]. KEYNOTE-B21/ ENGOT-en11/GOG-3053 is an ongoing phase III trial comparing addition of pembrolizumab versus placebo with chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy after curative intent surgery in newly diagnosed high risk endometrial cancer patients. The study population will include early-stage endometrial cancer with recurrence high risk as well as Stage III and IVA of any histology[67]. The primary endpoints of this study are disease free survival and overall survival. FIERCE is a phase I study, designed to evaluate feasibility and safety of adjuvant therapy pembrolizumab with chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel) and vaginal brachytherapy with surgically staged early-stage endometrial cancer patients. This trial will include patients with Stage II disease of any histology, Stage I disease that are at high risk for recurrence (i.e. positive LVSI, deep myometrial invasion, grade 2–3 tumors)[68].
Swallowing sparing intensity modulated radiotherapy versus standard parotid sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy for treatment of head and neck cancer: a randomized clinical trial
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
May Gamal Ashour, Tarek Hamed Shouman, Ashraf Hamed Hassouna, Maha Hassan Mokhtar, Reem Emad El Din, Ayda Aly Youssef, Mohammed Mohammed Gomaa, Shaimaa Abdelgeleel
As appropriate, numerical data were expressed as mean and standard deviation or median and range. Frequency and percentages were used to express qualitative results. The relationship between qualitative variables was examined using Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. For quantitative results, the t-test was used to compare two groups. The Kaplan-Meier approach was used to do the survival analysis. Overall survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis until the date of death or the last follow-up. Disease-free survival was calculated from the end of treatment till the date of recurrence, death, or last follow-up. Recurrence-free survival was calculated from the end of radiotherapy till the date of recurrence. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves. All tests were two-tailed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Recent advances in immune-based approaches for the treatment of esophagogastric cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2022
C. S. Weadick, A. G. Duffy, R. J. Kelly
A similar study is currently underway; EORTC VESTIGE, which is a phase II, randomized control trial investigating the use of adjuvant ipilimumab and nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients who have had a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and have incomplete (R1) resection or metastatic lymph nodes (N+) of gastric or esophageal adenocarcinoma [71]. Patients will either received the standard or care in the form of the same chemotherapy prior to surgery or immunotherapy with nivolumab and low dose ipilimumab (nivolumab 3 mg/kg IV Q2W plus Ipilimumab 1 mg/kg IV Q6W for 1 year). The primary endpoint of the study is disease free survival, with secondary endpoints being OS, safety and efficacy and quality of life. KEYNOTE-585 is an ongoing phase III trial enrolling patients with previously untreated, localized, resectable gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma who are planned for perioperative chemotherapy. It is randomizing participants in a 1:1 fashion to pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo (normal saline) by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks in combination with chemotherapy [72]. The primary endpoints are overall survival, event-free survival and pCR. Secondary endpoints are safety and tolerability and DFS. (Table 3)