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Immunization
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
Michael F. Para, Susan L. Koletar, Carter L. Diggs
Though not a new concept, the production of synthetic polypeptide vaccines has become more feasible with the advent of the techniques of molecular genetics. It was demonstrated many years ago that short polypeptide fragments of the protein coat of tobacco mosaic virus could block inactivation of the virus by antiserum. Subsequent studies showed that a hexapeptide from one fragment, when coupled to bovine serum albumin, would induce production of virus specific neutralizing antibodies.
Orders Norzivirales and Timlovirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The further strong progress in the functionalization field relates to the long-term successful activities of the Matthew B. Francis team. They were first who started to use the surface functionalization methodology not only on the outer VLP surface but also on the interiors of the MS2 VLPs by modification of tyrosine residues via a recently developed hetero-Diels-Alder bioconjugation reaction (Hooker et al. 2004). Using diazonium-coupling reactions, the tyrosine 85 was modified with high efficiency and selectivity. The virtually complete coupling was achieved in 15 min through exposure to five equivalents of a diazonium salt (Hooker et al. 2004). This pioneering approach was applied successfully for the dual-surface modification of the tobacco mosaic virus (Schlick et al. 2005).
Use of Essential Oils in Agriculture
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Catherine Regnault-Roger, Susanne Hemetsberger, Gerhard Buchbauer
EOs were also found to be active against viruses. The tobacco mosaic virus, which is an important pest in agriculture, is weakly resistant to lemongrass EO (Chao et al., 2000). But, also, EO of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae) resulted in fewer lesions caused by tobacco mosaic virus for at least 10 days (Bishop, 1995).
Merits of the ‘good’ viruses: the potential of virus-based therapeutics
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Qianyu Zhang, Wen Wu, Jinqiang Zhang, Xuefeng Xia
Ever since the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in 1890, viruses have long been considered as pathogens to cause disease. In fact, it has been recognized that viruses have been playing multiple and important roles in the evolution of cellular organisms [1]. Virus constantly blurs the line between ‘the living’ and ‘the non-living,’ and Forterre et al. described the virus as ‘a capsid-encoding organism that is composed of protein and nucleic acids, self-assembles in a nucleocapsid and uses a ribosome-encoding organism for the completion of its life cycle’ [2]. Viruses provide interesting insights as they possess enormous potential to be engineered into useful biodrugs with therapeutic benefits. Agbandje-McKenna et al. suggested that the use of ‘good’ viruses should be a common practice for virologists due to the fact that some viruses have beneficial properties for their host in a symbiotic relationship, and other natural and laboratory-modified viruses can even be used to treat and prevent various diseases [3]. In this case, bacteriophages, oncolytic viruses, viral vectors, virus-like particles, and virosomes have been utilized for therapeutic purposes [4–7]. We will highlight these aspects in the following discussions.
Update on pollen-food allergy syndrome
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2020
Pascal Poncet, Hélène Sénéchal, Denis Charpin
PFAS are said to increase in prevalence and some protein families involved in pollen/food IgE cross-reactivities exhibit plant defense properties and are members of the so-called pathogenesis-related proteins (PR). Why PFAS should increase? Are PR proteins amount increasing in plant? PRs first identified from tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus have been detected in numerous plants of different species. They are induced in plants submitted either to biotic stresses such as microbial, viral or fungi infections or insect or invasive adventice aggression and also abiotic stresses such as exposure to chemicals or pollutants, injury, drought, osmotic or climate changes. Pollen grains as well as edible food are therefore submitted to such environmental stresses. They are not expressed only in pollen but also in leaves, stems, roots, fruits, seeds, and flowers. Seventeen families of PR proteins have been reported based on similarities at the levels of their physico-chemical and functional properties and numbered in the order in which they were discovered [102]. In Figure 7 is depicted the 17 PRs with their corresponding allergens. Until now only PRs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10 and 14 were reported to include allergens [22,38,102] but searching in allergen database and literature allows to point out PR 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 16 and 17 as allergen-containing PR families. Only a few examples are given for PR10, LTP and TLP allergens since these protein families contain a lot of allergens either in IUIS (www.allergen.org) or Allergome (www.allergome.org) data banks.
Neuroprotective ability of TMV coat protein on rat PC-12 cells and it’s in silico study with LRRK2 receptor
Published in Neurological Research, 2018
Yash Sharma, Nidhi Srivastava, Kumud Bala
Plant made biologics such as viruses, facilitate the stockpiling of vaccines against pandemic infectious disease to the applications of proteins in the field of personalized medicine [10]. Tobacco mosaic virus is one of the most appropriate most well characterized plant virus, that has been studied for vector development. Its genome section has the ability to subclone in to an assortment of plasmid vector [11]. TMV is also used in the production of vaccine against pandemic influenza viruses [12]. Earlier studies have shown the maximum appearance of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in youngest leaves of tobacco. The most appropriate host range of TMV belongs to Solanaceae family [13]. These TMV invade the tissues of plants excluding roots and shoots, by avoiding the transfer of infection [14]. TMV particles involve phosphorus, carbohydrate, 5% RNA and 95% protein [15,16]. TMV has also shown its importance in biotechnology field by using TMV particle as a surface carrier of foreign peptides to use as vaccine for the production of antibodies against unrelated agents [17]. Recent development has shown the advantage of utilizing viral coat protein as antigen directly to antigen presenting cells due to its size [18,19].