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Analgesics during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Butalbital is a short-acting barbiturate that is contained in a variety (over 40) of available prescription analgesic compounds. Butalbital is usually combined with aspirin or acetaminophen (with or without caffeine). The most common indication for butalbital-containing analgesic compounds is tension headaches. All barbiturates cross the placenta, as do acetaminophen and aspirin. Barbiturate use in the first trimester was not associated with an increase in the frequency of congenital anomalies in exposed offspring. However, barbiturates have been associated with fetal dependence and newborn withdrawal symptoms when used chronically by the mother in the third trimester. Butalbital use during the first trimester in 73 women resulted in increased frequency of congenital heart defects during pregnancy (Browne et al., 2014). In a large birth defects study, a case-control analysis that contained only 8 exposed cases found a significant increase in the frequency of hypospadias (Lind et al., 2013).
Hypospadias
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Hypospadias has been reported to occur approximately in one out of 100–300 live male births. In a case-controlled study by Sweet et al., hypospadias was present once in every 122 births. The great majority (87%) were mild—coronal or glanular. Interestingly, the rate of severe hypospadias seems to have increased three- to fivefold over the last few decades. This trend could reflect more frequent reporting and earlier diagnosis, or it may reflect other undefined biological factors, such as environmental endocrine disruptors during pregnancy. Hypospadias is most likely an inherited congenital defect, as it occurs in 6–8% of fathers of affected boys and 14% of male siblings.
Endocrinology and gonads
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
11.30. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding abnormal or ambiguous genitalia in a newborn?Hypoglycaemia in a neonate with micropenis should raise suspicion of hypopituitarism.Functioning ovaries are required for normal fetal development of the female genital tract.Gender assignment of a neonate with ambiguous genitalia should be considered an emergency.The presence of testes does not dictate male gender assignment.Hypospadias without palpable testes in a newborn should be investigated.
c-Fos is upregulated in the genital tubercle of DEHP-induced hypospadiac rats and the prepuce of patients with hypospadias
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2021
Han Xiang, Shao Wang, Xiaoyan Kong, Yihang Yu, Lianju shen, Chunlan Long, Xing Liu, Guang-Hui Wei
Hypospadias, defined as a defect in ventral foreskin development along with ectopic displacement of the urethral meatus, is a common congenital malformation in neonates (Cunha et al. 2015). It occurs in up to 1 per 125 live male births, and the incidence continues to rise (van der Horst and de Wall 2017). The severity of hypospadias can vary from mild to severe according to the location of the urethral opening. Patients with severe hypospadias are at risk of complications leading to lifelong difficulties with urination, sexual dysfunction, and psychological problems, and surgery is the main treatment option (Snodgrass et al. 2011). Although the etiology of hypospadias remains obscure, it is thought to be multifactorial, involving factors such as genetic predisposition, inadequate hormone levels, and environmental elements (Thorup et al. 2014; van der Horst and de Wall 2017).
Retardation of Preputial Wound Healing in Rats with Hypospadias Induced by Flutamide
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2020
Yue Zhou, Jinpu Peng, Xining Cao, Chao Yan, Fangyuan Huang, Lianju Shen, Chunlan Long, Xing Liu, Guanghui Wei
Hypospadias is a common condition with an unknown etiology. There is considerable variety in the presentation and severity of hypospadias between cases [1, 5]. The goal for the repair of hypospadias is to normalize function and cosmetics. Generally, hypospadias is corrected between 6 and 18 months of age, however, in cases with concerning results and complications, corrections can be performed at any age [3]. The optimal age for surgical intervention is still debated and is influenced by anesthetic risks, tissue dimensions at different ages, postoperative complications, and the psychosocial impact [1]. For a long time, surgeons have focused on the prevention and treatment of complications after hypospadias repair, but rarely regarding to the relationship between wound healing and patients’ special tissue characteristics. Whether this sort of specificity is correlated with the complications following hypospadias surgery, such as urethral fistula and stenosis, is yet to be studied and explained.
The Histopathological Effect of Aloe Vera on the Wound Healing Process in a Surgically Created Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty Model on Rats
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Omer Gokhan Doluoglu, Yıldıray Yıldız, Eda Tokat, Berat Cem Ozgur, Muhammet Fatih Kılınc, Mehmet Arda Inan, Ipek Isık Gonul, Mustafa Burak Hoscan
Hypospadias is a congenital abnormality, which presents as the urethral meatus located along the ventral shaft of the penis or on the scrotum or perineum, rather than positioned at the tip of the penis. This condition is relatively common, with a prevalence of approximately 1:300 live newborn boys [12]. The Snodgrass Tubularized Incised Plate (TIP) urethroplasty was introduced in 1994 and excellent results have been reported for hypospadias repair [13]. Although TIP urethroplasty has been preferred mostly for distal hypospadias repair since 1994, complication rates of 1% to 17% have been reported for primary hypospadias repair with this technique. Urethrocutaneous fistula, scar formation and stenosis have been reported to be most important complications [14, 15].