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Endangered Medicinal Plants of Temperate Regions: Conservation and Maintenance
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Plant genetic resources have made substantial contributions to the domestication, utilization, and improvement of valuable temperate medicinal plants in the Himalayan region. Their adoption by farming community becomes limited due to lack of knowledge about seed germination (Swertia chirayita, Coptis teeta, Podophyllum hexandrum), cultivation (Valeriana jatamansi, Bergenia ciliata) and marketing. The practice of TM is widespread in China, India, Japan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Mostly they used products or extracts made from these endangered herbs. The protection of such plants can be made by either in-situ or ex-situ methods. However, they have a certain limit due to the narrow genetic base and lesser knowledge of seed germination and other conservation practices. Although the economic value of these herbs was reportedly unknown to the local people until the recent past, the herb has now been widely known for its market potential. Thus, the exploitation of this valuable plant is in increasing trend leading to its rapid decline from its natural habitat. Improved cultivation along with proper marketing channels becomes a valuable and economic option to the farming community in the North-Eastern Himalaya region.
Conservation – A Strategy to Overcome Shortages of Ayurveda Herbs
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
S. Noorunnisa Begum, K. Ravikumar
Conservation of plant genetic resources can be achieved in situ as well as ex situ. Both cultivated and domesticated plant species are also maintained in their natural habitats as well as in field conditions (Cruz-Cruz 2013; Langhu and Deb 2014). Due to habitat destruction and transformation of the natural environment, several species have been lost from the ecosystems. Therefore, in situ methods alone are insufficient for conserving the threatened species. Under these circumstances, ex situ conservation is a viable alternative for preventing the extinction of threatened species. In some cases, it is the only viable strategy to conserve certain species. In situ and ex situ methods are complementary and not mutually exclusive. The selection of appropriate strategy should be based on a number of criteria including the status of the species and feasibility of applying the chosen methods (Engelmann 2012).
Ethnobotany Post-Genomic Horizons and Multidisciplinary Approaches for Herbal Medicine Exploration: An Overview
Published in T. Pullaiah, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur, Ethnobotany of India, 2017
Manickam Tamil Selvi, Ankanagari Srinivas
Tools of biotechnology are increasingly applied to conserve plant genetic resources. Several in vitro techniques have been developed for storage of vegetative propagation and recalcitrant seed producing species, which includes: (i) slow growth procedures, (ii) cryopreservation (Kasagna and Karmuri, 2011). Cryopreservation helps to store germplasm at -196° C to ensure storage efficiently of plant cells for a longer time. Maintaining genetic integrity is one of essential criteria while preserving plant cells under cryopreservation. Flow cytometry technique helps to check genetic stability in in vitro regenerated plants as well as cryopreserved regenerated plants (e.g., Oncidium flexuosum Sims for its wound healing property) (Galdiano et al., 2013).
Morphological characterization of gamma rays induced multipodding mutant (mp) in lentil cultivar Pant L 406
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
Rafiul Amin Laskar, Mohd. Rafiq Wani, Aamir Raina, Ruhul Amin, Samiullah Khan
Induced mutagenesis unleashes the potentials of plant genetic resources and augments the genetic variation without compromising basic genomic structure, therefore, considered as a powerful breeding tool for broadening of crop genetic base. Mutation breeding, therefore, is a quick, cost-effective, robust, and proven method to accelerate the process of developing and selecting novel agronomic traits. Grain legumes are the major component of agricultural system, successfully boosting nutrition, income, and environment around the world. Lentil is an extremely nutritious affordable grain legume with rich protein contents and high mineral density and thus playing a pivotal role in combating food insecurity and malnutrition in developing countries including India. It contains 25% protein, 0.7% fat, 2.1% mineral, 0.7% fiber and 59% carbohydrate. It is also rich in phosphorus and carotene (http://www.aicrpmullarp.res.in/crop_profile.html). Globally, with the development of different culinary customs, lentils are now being used as a starter, as a main dish, as a side dish, or in salads (Fratini et al. 2014). The genus lens from the tribe vicieae is comparatively small and comprises five annual species of which only Lens culinaris Medik. is cultivated. In 1787, the German botanist and physician Medikus assigned lentil the scientific name Lens culinaris (Fratini et al. 2014). Cubero (1981) subdivided Lens culinaris Medik. on the basis of seed size into two races, namely macrosperma and microsperma.
Efficiency of electron beam over gamma rays to induce desirable grain-type mutation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
R. Gowthami, C. Vanniarajan, J. Souframanien, K. Veni, V. G. Renganathan
Induced mutagenesis using physical and chemical mutagens unleashes the plant genetic resources potential and enhances the genetic variation without changing the basic genomic structure. Hence, mutation breeding is not only recorded as one of the powerful crop improvement tools for expanding of crop genetic base, but also as a quick, cost-effective method to fasten the varietal development process (Laskar et al. 2018). In the present study, we intended to determine the potential of EB over GR in inducing variability for grain quality traits and also to isolate the medium slender grain stable mutant type in M4 generation in rice.