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Gastrointestinal Infections
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Order blood (up to 70% sensitive) or bone marrow (> 90% sensitive) cultures. The Widal test is of limited clinical use, especially in endemic areas, as it does not differentiate between previous or current infection. Where cultures are unavailable, treat based on suspicion due to protracted fever and no alternative diagnosis.
Antituberculosis induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in a pediatric latent tuberculosis infection overdiagnosed as tuberculosis disease
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
W. Setiowulan, R. Rulandani, H.S. Rachman
The diagnosis of DRESS was not considered on admission because the patient was presented with classical symptoms of typhoid, such as remittent fever with peak temperature during the nights, headache, nausea, constipation, malaise, relative bradycardia, and hepatomegaly (Crump et al. 2015). Widal test has a low sensitivity (73.5%) (Keddy et al. 2011), therefore the result in this patient was initially considered as false negative and antibiotic treatment for typhoid was started. Defervescence of fever in typhoid treated with ceftriaxone occur within 4-6 days (Crump et al. 2015, Nair et al. 2017), which cause a longer period to wait for the response of therapy. Blood culture and Tubex test were not performed in this patient due to financial reason (the patient wasn’t covered by The Indonesian National Health Insurance System).
Travellers’ illnesses in Indo-Asian elders
Published in Partha Ghosh, Shahid Anis Khan, Transcultural Geriatrics, 2018
Partha Ghosh, Shahid Anis Khan
Enteric fever is transmitted from contaminated raw food, especially salads, undercooked food, including shellfish, water and ice. Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi are the causative organisms. Fever increases in a stepwise fashion and is associated with headache, abdominal pain, diarrhoea or constipation and cough. Blood, stool and urine cultures help in confirming the diagnosis. The Widal test can be insensitive. Self-prescribing of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin will reduces the sensitivity of the laboratory tests. Case fatality rate from typhoid is 1.5%. Immunisation is available.
Achieving accurate laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever: a review and meta-analysis of TUBEX® TF clinical performance
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2019
Reynaldo Bundalian, Madonna Valenzuela, Raphael Enrique Tiongco
The definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever is achieved by isolating the S. Typhi bacteria from different specimens such as blood, bone marrow, and other body fluids in the laboratory. In many of the developing countries where trained technicians and laboratory facilities are limited, this method remains impractical. Due to this, laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever in developing or underdeveloped countries is primarily performed through the detection of serum antibodies by applying the Widal test (agglutination latex slide test) and in some cases, using bacterial culture. The Widal test is the standard serological method for diagnosis of typhoid fever in many countries, due to practical reasons. However, both culture methods and the Widal test demonstrate relatively low sensitivity and specificity and are time-consuming [5–7]. Furthermore, culture methods require good laboratory facilities, which are lacking in many developing countries, where testing for typhoid fever if performed. Many hospitals lack facilities for blood culture, and approximately 90% of typhoid patients are treated as outpatients [8,9].
Salmonella Typhi Associated Endogenous Endophthalmitis: A Case Report and a Review of Literature
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Suchit D. Dadia, Rohit Ramesh Modi, Shruti Shirwadkar, Nayana A. Potdar, Chhaya A. Shinde, Akshay Gopinathan Nair
With regard to lab investigations, in most of the reported cases, either positive aqueous or vitreous cultures were taken as confirmatory sign of Salmonella endophthalmitis. Blood cultures, bone marrow, and stool cultures have also been examined in previous cases. A positive Widal test has been reported only in three cases including the present case.16,17