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Tropical infections and infestations
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
H antigens of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi in the patient’s serum. In endemic areas, laboratory facilities may sometimes be limited. Certain other tests have been developed that identify sensitive and specific markers for typhoid fever. Practical and cheap kits are available for their rapid detection that need no special expertise and equipment. These are MultiTest Dip-S-Ticks to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG), Tubex to detect immunoglobulin M (IgM) and TyphiDot to detect IgG and IgM. These tests are particularly valuable when blood cultures are negative (due to prehospital treatment or self-medication with antibiotics) or facilities for such an investigation are not available.
Salmonella typhi
Published in Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward, Case Studies in Infectious Disease, 2010
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
Serologically, the Widal test has been used specifically for Salmonella Typhi but is not recommended for diagnosis (in the UK) as it does not have sufficient sensitivity; as many as 50% of patients with culture-confirmed enteric fever are negative in the Widal test. Newer serological assays such as a dot ELISA test format (Typhidot) detecting IgG and IgM in studies has shown a sensitivity and specificity of over 90%. A rapid latex agglutination inhibition test (Tubex) detecting only IgM to the somatic O9 antigen is also available. PCR and DNA probes are available but not currently in routine use, particularly in resource-poor countries.
Achieving accurate laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever: a review and meta-analysis of TUBEX® TF clinical performance
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2019
Reynaldo Bundalian, Madonna Valenzuela, Raphael Enrique Tiongco
Two authors (R Bundalian and RE Tiongco) independently extracted the data and reached an agreement on all the items. For each study included, the following data were obtained: (1) first author’s last name; (2) year of publication; (3) country where the study was conducted; (4) sample size; (5) method of typhoid fever testing; (6) controls used; and (7) sensitivity and specificity of TUBEX-TF and Widal of Typhidot test.