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Meningitis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Viral meningitis is more common than bacterial meningitis. Viral meningitis primarily affects babies and young children. Most individuals will make a full recovery from viral meningitis, but full recovery can be slow.1
Disorders of Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
IIH is a diagnosis of exclusion and should be distinguished from other causes of elevated ICP: Lyme disease.Bacterial meningitis.Viral meningitis.Central nervous system (CNS) lupus.CNS sarcoidosis.Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.Jugular vein thrombosis.Primary and metastatic brain tumors.Hydrocephalus.Subdural hematoma.
Meningitis
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and, in the Western world, is mainly caused by enterovirus, herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella zoster virus. In specific geographic areas, viral meningitis is caused by arboviruses such as West Nile virus, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus and Zika virus.
An Atypical Case of Enterovirus Meningitis Presenting with Unilateral Optic Disc Swelling and Minimal Optical Symptoms
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Efthymios Karmiris, Georgios Vasilakos, Konstantinos Tsiripidis, Evangelia Chalkiadaki
Enteroviruses constitute a genus of the picornavirus family which includes poliovirus, coxsackievirus and human enterovirus A, B, C and D.10 The non-polio human enteroviruses, which are transmitted via the fecal–oral route of infection, may completely shut down host translational machinery causing CNS dysfunction following infection, due to cytopathic effects.9 They can cause a broad spectrum of illnesses such as febrile disease, hand-foot-mouth, herpangina, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, pancreatitis, chronic inflammatory myopathy, myocarditis and neonatal sepsis.9,10 Their clinical presentation may be varied, and symptoms such as fever, headache, neck stiffness, altered consciousness, seizures, and focal neurological findings often overlap various infectious agents.11 In uncomplicated viral meningitis, the clinical course is usually self-limited, with complete recovery in 7–10 days and no proven treatments.7 However enteroviruses have been linked to autoimmune-like diseases, including diabetes, chronic inflammatory myopathy and chronic myocarditis, perhaps in part due to the long-term presence of viral RNA potentially causing lasting neuropathology.10
Acute transverse myelitis following scrub typhus: A case report and review of the literature
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Hyun-Seung Ryu, Bong Ju Moon, Jae-Young Park, Sang-Deok Kim, Seung-Kwon Seo, Jung-Kil Lee
Orientia tsutsugamushi invades the CSF; therefore, scrub typhus should be considered a cause of mononuclear meningitis. CSF cytology is useful in detecting meningitis associated with scrub typhus. Symptoms are similar with those things of viral meningitis, leptospirosis, and tuberculous meningitis.3,8 Furthermore, Pai et al. had suggested the possibility that CNS Orientia tsutsugamushi has a propensity for CNS invasion. They revealed that pleocytosis (increased white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid) occurs transiently in the early period of the infection of Orientia tsutsugamushi. According to Pai et al.'s study in 25 patients with scrub typhus involving the CNS, 48% (12/25) had CSF pleocytosis of mild severity.9 These patients presented with a WBC count of 0 to 110/mm3 and a lymphocyte rate of 51.9 ± 23.9%; 28% had elevated protein levels (≥50 mg/dl).9
Immunopsychiatry: an update on autoimmune encephalitis for neuropsychiatrists
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2022
Frederico Moraes Cardoso Marques, Antônio Egídio Nardi, Antonio L. Teixeira, Leonardo Caixeta
It is worth mentioning that meningism may be a feature of AIE. As an example of this unfrequent presentation, it was reported a case of a patient presenting pressure-like headache, fever, neck stiffness and vomiting, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unrevealing and nonspecific inflammatory abnormalities in the CSF (pleocytosis with predominance of lymphocytes [white cell count = 172, lymphocytes = 100%, reference range <5, unit = x106/L] plus hyperproteinorrhachia [protein = 0.77, reference range = 0.15–0.60, unit = g/L]). The patient was treated as acute viral meningitis, but 1 week later developed seizures, dysarthria, and amnesia. Subsequent investigation revealed anti-NMDAR antibodies associated with a hidden ovarian teratoma [47].