China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Public Health England (2013b) also recommends that all appropriate healthcare staff should be up to date with immunisations for vaccine preventable diseases such as hepatitis B, tuberculosis (TB), measles, mumps and rubella, influenza and chickenpox. From 2021, vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have been available to healthcare workers and the adult population of the UK.
Vaccinations
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Joshua H. Barash, Edward M. Buchanan
Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective and clinically successful medical interventions available. The incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases drops precipitously upon initiating an effective vaccination program within a population [1]. A strategic approach to vaccinating women of childbearing age and their close contacts is critical to preventing infectious prenatal complications, fetal embryopathy, and neonatal disease. Immunization prior to conception or at specific windows of opportunity during pregnancy, create disease specific interventions to protect a pregnant woman, her offspring, or both [2].
Specific Infections in Children
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Neal Russell, Sarah May Johnson, Andrew Chapman, Christian Harkensee, Sylvia Garry, Bhanu Williams
Neonates, young infants and those on the move or living in a country where the immunisation programme is not accessible to refugees are at high risk of being incompletely vaccinated. The section discusses some vaccine-preventable diseases and other infectious diseases. This section concludes with a brief introduction to COVID-19 in children. Many vaccine-preventable diseases are notifiable, and cases must be reported to public health bodies for monitoring and surveillance purposes, for example, measles and polio. Local guidance should be consulted for drug choices and doses, as well as reporting mechanisms.
COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in Italian healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Francesco Paolo Bianchi, Pasquale Stefanizzi, Nazario Brescia, Sabrina Lattanzio, Andrea Martinelli, Silvio Tafuri
In conclusion, vaccination hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine among Italian health professionals is an existing phenomenon. In order to achieve a high vaccination coverage, mandatory vaccination was introduced, which resulted in an increase in vaccination uptake with the achievement of very high vaccination coverage. This strategy is successful and has already been tested with the flu vaccine in some Italian regions in previous years [140], with interesting results [144]. Potential susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases has been addressed many times by our research team [8,123,145–154]; we must emphasize that even in the time of COVID-19, circulation of microbiological agents in nosocomial facilities is still possible. Therefore, our opinion is that the obligation of vaccination should be deeply considered by policymakers in order to extend to health professionals, especially those working in wards particularly at risk, even for other vaccine-preventable diseases. The effects of this mandatory strategy should be evaluated in terms of cost-efficacy and considering the medical-legal aspects, but at present we believe that it is the fastest solution to solve the problem of vaccination hesitation in healthcare personnel. At the same time, in the medium-long term, complementary strategies to increase vaccination compliance should be put in place, in order to reevaluate the attitude of the HCWs toward vaccination and possibly return to a non-mandatory strategy.
A combined DTaP-IPV vaccine (Tetraxim®/Tetravac®) used as school-entry booster: a review of more than 20 years of clinical and post-marketing experience
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Catherine Huoi, Juan Vargas-Zambrano, Denis Macina, Emmanuel Vidor
Some countries use vaccines with reduced diphtheria and pertussis antigen content (Tdap, or Tdap-IPV) to boost immunity at school-age entry. There is no indisputable evidence based on clinical protection data to preferentially support the standard pediatric formulation (i.e. full dose of diphtheria and pertussis antigens) over the reduced dose formulation for this school-age booster [93,99,100]. It is, however, the authors’ opinion that the inclusion of a school-age booster dose for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and poliomyelitis in the national immunization program in a given country (either standard pediatric formulation or reduced-dose formulation) with a target of high and sustainable VCR is more important than the type of vaccine used. The need for a school-entry booster is supported by data showing the decline of antibodies and the risk of disease by school age after a complete primary series and toddler booster. The risk of resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases such as pertussis or diphtheria is not negligible in a situation where a population is under-immunized.
Delays in routine childhood vaccinations and their relationship with parental vaccine hesitancy: a cross-sectional study in Wuxi, China
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Qiang Wang, Shixin Xiu, Liuqing Yang, Ying Han, Jinxin Huang, Tingting Cui, Naiyang Shi, Minqi Liu, Xuwen Wang, Bing Lu, Hui Jin, Leesa Lin
Vaccination is the most successful and cost-effective public health intervention [1]. The performance of immunization programs is usually evaluated using vaccination coverage, which in turn reflects vaccine uptake. In addition to vaccination coverage, another indicator to measure immunization program is the timeliness of vaccination, which reflects vaccination delay [2,3]. This is measured according to the recommended immunization schedule (receiving different doses at a specific age and the required interval between different doses) stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and national health authorities. The delay in childhood vaccination has become an issue which cannot be ignored. A survey in Switzerland showed that the coverage of the measles, mumps, and rubella combination (MMR) vaccine was 86.8% among children (age at the 37 months), but 22.6% of children did not receive their first dose in a timely manner [4]. The model analyses and epidemiological surveys have demonstrated that timely administration of vaccines for children could decrease the risk of being infected with vaccine-preventable diseases [5,6].