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Morphology, Pathogenesis, Genome Organization, and Replication of Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Sadia Javed, Bahzad Ahmad Farhan, Maria Shabbir, Areeba Tahseen, Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Marius Moga
COVID-19 incubation, on the other hand, is predicted to last 14 days, with a mean interval from indication of symptoms of 4–5 days. In one study, 97.5% of patients were diagnosed with the symptoms of COVID-19 illnesses within 11.5 days of respiratory distress disorder, according to the CDCP. COVID-19 signs normally occur between 2–14 days of infection, with normal duration of 5.2 days [15]. Pneumonia, now known as COVID-19 disease, is a common symptom of a contaminated patient, as shown by a computed tomography (CT) examination or chest X-ray [16]. Early on, infected person showed signs of severe respiratory disease, with certain developing chronic obstructive pulmonary failure and other potential complications. The first three infected persons identified by the China’s novel SARS-CoV-2 discovering and testing team had severe illness, and 2 out of the 3 infected persons with relevant clinical profiling had a distinct fever condition [17]. At the beginning of COVID-19 disease, typical signs include fever, dry cough, muscle weakness, and disease, as well as other symptoms such as headache, lymphopenia, and dyspnea. However, 1 to 2 days before infection, some individuals can develop diarrhea or nausea [18, 19]. Patients may report problems with breathability 5 days after the onset of infection and ARDS on day 8 of infection. Abdominal pain and pneumonia will occur if the patient’s condition worsens; most physiological deficiencies depend on your immune state and health history [20].
Intelligent Learning Analytics in the Healthcare Sector Using Machine Learning and IoT
Published in Govind Singh Patel, Seema Nayak, Sunil Kumar Chaudhary, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Big Data, and Internet of Things for Healthcare, 2023
Kundankumar Rameshwar Saraf, P. Malathi
This CPS can be useful to diagnose patients affected by contagious diseases like COVID-19. Normal symptoms of COVID-19 patients include headache, body pain, low oxygen level, and fever. In this system, the user stores contact details including email ID, and phone number. Physicians set up the threshold of all health parameters. The sensors connected to the bed measure all health parameters of the patient. Splunk triggers alerts and notifies the physician if any parameter goes beyond the threshold level. Physicians can send prescriptions to patients’ relatives. Splunk also detects the DoS and brute force attacks on the various CPS components. In case of any unusual cyber threat, this CPS triggers alerts and notifies the CPS admin. This admin can overcome the cyber threat on the CPS component.
Respiratory Diseases
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Aref T. Senno, Ryan K. Brannon
Approximately 15.6% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic at time of diagnosis [135]. However, about half of patients who are asymptomatic at time of diagnosis may develop symptoms in the future. Most patients develop symptoms 2–14 days following exposure. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever (83.3%), cough (60.3%), and fatigue (38.0%) [136]. Other commonly reported symptoms include chills, shortness of breath, muscle or body aches, headache, anosmia, ageusia, sore throat, congestion, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Evaluation of adverse events of bamlanivimab, bamlanivimab/etesevimab used for COVID-19 based on FAERS database
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2023
Yunfei Zhao, Huiling Wang, Qingsong Zhang, Yongxin Hu, Yulong Xu, Wei Liu
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc around the world, with a rapidly increasing incidence of infection and death. As of 3 March 2022, 438,968,263 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 5,969,439 deaths, are reported worldwide [1], which have overwhelmed health-care systems and will continue to threaten global public health. The widespread symptoms of COVID-19 include fever or chills, dyspnea, cough, fatigue, new loss of taste or smell, etc.; less common symptoms are chest pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin diseases, etc. [2–6]. Many therapeutic regimens are used or contemplated for the treatment of COVID-19, including drugs, antibodies, and cell-based therapies [7,8]. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important complement to interventions such as chemical drugs and vaccines. MAbs for the treatment of COVID-19 target the viral spike protein used by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter host cells, which may prevent the development of infections in high-risk contacts, as well as improve patient symptoms and restrict the progression of the disease in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients [9,10]. Currently, many therapeutic antibodies against COVID-19 in clinical studies, such as molnupiravir [11,12], sotrovimab [13,14], and baricitinib [15,16], have received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the FDA.
Current status of COVID-19 vaccination: safety and liability concern for children, pregnant and lactating women
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Swagat Kumar Das, Manish Paul, Bikash Chandra Behera, Hrudayanath Thatoi
Since the late 1960s, human coronaviruses were identified as having symptoms similar to common colds. Out of the seven known viral species to date, four species infect the upper respiratory tract. However, the other three species(MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) infect the lower respiratory tract [13]. The symptoms associated with COVID-19 can be broadly classified into three types viz. most common, less common, and severe symptoms. The common symptoms of COVID-19 onset illness include fever, fatigue, dry cough, and cold. Aches, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, headache, hemoptysis, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, skin rashes, and discoloration of fingers or toes are some of the less common symptoms. Dyspnea, chest pain or pressure, and loss of speech or movement are all severe symptoms. Multiple peripheral ground-glass opacities have also been documented in the sub-pleural regions of the lungs of some COVID 19 patients, which may trigger both systemic and localized immune responses and inflammation [14].
Potential neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a narrative review
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Joseph V. Pergolizzi, Robert B. Raffa, Giustino Varrassi, Peter Magnusson, Jo Ann LeQuang, Antonella Paladini, Robert Taylor, Charles Wollmuth, Frank Breve, Maninder Chopra, Rohit Nalamasu, Paul J. Christo
Neurological symptoms have been sporadically reported in COVID-19 patients but have not yet been well studied [48,49]. The current body of evidence suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 can affect the nervous system in previously unsuspected ways [50]. The neuroinvasive capabilities of the SARS-CoV-2 doubtless exist but remain to be elucidated. Observed neurological symptoms of COVID-19 include febrile seizures, convulsions, mental status changes, and encephalitis [51]. Among the most commonly reported possibly neurological symptoms of COVID-19 are nonspecific symptoms, such as headache, myalgia, dizziness, and fatigue [21]. In a study at a single center in China (n = 214), 36.4% (n = 78) of hospitalized COVID-19 patients had what were identified as neurological symptoms[52]. In a multicenter retrospective study from Europe of 417 patients who recovered from mild to moderate COVID-19, 86% reported olfactory dysfunction and 88% problems with taste. In fact, in 12% of patients, the loss of the sense of smell was the first symptom of COVID-19 [53]. The loss of smell has emerged as being more prevalent among patients infected with COVID-19 than patients infected with other viruses or with other types of respiratory conditions [54] and has been recommended as a symptom that may help guide earlier diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 [55]. In a meta-analysis (n = 1,627 patients, 10 studies), a loss of the sense of smell was reported in 53% of COVID-19 patients [55].