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Gender, health and public policy
Published in Wendy A. Rogers, Jackie Leach Scully, Stacy M. Carter, Vikki A. Entwistle, Catherine Mills, The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics, 2022
Lisa Schwartz, Rochelle Maurice
Even well-intentioned policymakers have failed to resolve injustices because they did not find out what were the true issues affecting the population, and how they impacted people involved (Rogers 2006). Barlow and Johnson (2021) suggest beginning with engagement, dialogue, and assembling narratives and other evidence before identifying the issues that will set the agenda for new policy. For example, issuing “stay-at-home” orders during a pandemic and simultaneously closing parks and playgrounds does not realistically take into account the context of parents in dense urban settings living in small apartments without personal green spaces. Neither did hospital transfers designed to reduce pressure on overcrowded intensive care units (Ontario Health 2021) take into account how to support patients disconnected from familiar social communities, compounded by limited ability of receiving hospitals to provide culturally sensitive care for the patient populations arriving from ethnically and culturally diverse cities. Thus, what some during the COVID-19 pandemic referred to as a democratizing experience failed to take into account the lived experience of others. Engaging relevant populations throughout the policy development process is not only important for providing insights into the unintended consequences of policy impact but may also allow for opportunities to mitigate harms in ways that are most applicable to those impacted.
Impact of Lockdown on Social and Mobile Networks During the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study of Uttarakhand
Published in Ram Shringar Raw, Vishal Jain, Sanjoy Das, Meenakshi Sharma, Pandemic Detection and Analysis Through Smart Computing Technologies, 2022
Prachi Joshi, Bhagwati Prasad Pande
To combat the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, China was the first country to impose nationwide lockdown in late January 2020 [8]. In the second week of March 2020, Italy imposed national-level mass quarantine restrictions and adopted additional lockdown provisions later. Denmark also announced a lockdown on the same week. Fiji announced the closure of schools and non-essential services in the third week of March. In the same week, France started restrictions on daily activities and Malaysia implemented partial lockdown. France announced full lockdown in the mid of March. On 25th March 2020, India announced a complete lockdown and allowed activities related to essential goods and services only. Ireland first declared shutting down of childcare activities, schools, and colleges in the second week of March and then declared nationwide total lockdown in the last week of March. By the end of March 2020, a substantial number of countries like Namibia, New Zealand, Philippines, Norway, Kuwait, Poland, Czech Republic, etc., had implemented partial or total lockdown orders. In the United Kingdom, stay-at-home orders were released in the third week of March and then re-exercised in the second week of May. In the United States (US), different orders of partial or strict lockdowns were released and updated since mid of March 2020. On the other hand, there are countries like Japan and South Korea which did not implement lockdown provisions in the current pandemic of COVID-19 [9].
Telehealth
Published in Edward M. Rafalski, Ross M. Mullner, Healthcare Analytics, 2022
Concurrently, in New York City – where Zocdoc was founded and is headquartered – the COVID-19 pandemic surged. While stay-at-home orders were put in place in NYC and beyond, and the way Americans utilized healthcare changed rapidly, New Yorkers felt the acuteness and severity of the situation immediately and acutely. From the seemingly constant sounds of ambulances heading to hospitals across the city, to the cheers for essential workers at 7:00 each evening, to the frequent updates from public health officials, the city felt the weight of the global health crisis – and so did Zocdoc employees.
Change in Emergency Medical Services-Attended Out-of-Hospital Deliveries during COVID-19 in the United States
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2023
Rebecca E. Cash, Anjali J. Kaimal, Mark A. Clapp, Margaret E. Samuels-Kalow, Carlos A. Camargo
We performed an interrupted time series analysis using the beginning of state-level stay-at-home mandates and advisory orders related to COVID-19 as the interruption to model. From March to April 2020, 43 states and Washington, DC enacted mandatory or advisory stay-at-home orders of varying durations (24, 25). The first stay-at-home mandate was effective on March 19 in California, with the last effective on April 7 in South Carolina (24, 25). We selected the week of March 25-31 as the interruption, approximately one week after the first stay-at-home order, and by which 75% of orders had begun. We fit an ordinary least squares regression model comparing weekly rates of out-of-hospital deliveries before and after the interruption. The pre-interruption period included the calendar year of 2019 through March 24, 2020. The post-interruption period included March 25 to December 31, 2020. We used Newey-West standard errors to adjust for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation (26), and we allowed for both a change in level and slope to assess for an immediate change post-interruption and a change over time. Autocorrelation was assessed using the Ljung-Box test with an appropriate lag term included as needed (27).
Clinical and demographic differences in the willingness to use self-administered at-home COVID-19 testing measures among persons with opioid use disorder
Published in Substance Abuse, 2022
Colleen B. Mistler, Matthew Sullivan, Jeffrey A. Wickersham, Michael M. Copenhaver, Roman Shrestha
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacted a high toll in the United States, with massive social and economic consequences1 and one of the world’s highest mortality burdens.2 One pillar of public health efforts to reduce COVID-19 transmission is widespread access to rapid COVID-19 testing.3 Although efforts have been successful at increasing testing, disparities in accessing and affording COVID-19 tests persist,4 and have contributed to high morbidity and mortality rates in the United States.5 Given stay-at-home orders, social distancing protocols, and stigma associated with COVID-19 diagnosis, a rapid scale-up of at-home testing for COVID-19 is recommended.6,7 Previous at-home viral testing measures (e.g., blood prick and oral fluids) are both efficacious and reliable in collecting specimens for viral assay;8 to date, five saliva-based COVID-19 tests have been FDA-approved and disseminated.9
The need to balance basic and clinical research with the safety of the research environment and personnel in the time of COVID-19 in the United States
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2020
Sonya C. Tang Girdwood, Mark E. Murphy, Jennifer M. Kaplan
To limit the potential of medical surges overwhelming hospital systems in the United States during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most states implemented stay-at-home orders1, affecting non-essential personnel at healthcare institutions. Academic medical centers had essentially “shut down” research programs to de-densify campuses. These unprecedented moves stalled basic science research and limited clinical research. At the same time, researchers mobilized to study the novel coronavirus, its mechanism of pathogenicity, the host response to the virus, and treatment options. Scientists are faced with obstacles not previously considered since it is imperative that we advance scientific knowledge of this emerging virus and ensure the safety of personnel involved in the research of this highly contagious virus, while limiting the use of scarce personal protective equipment (PPE).