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Detection Assays and Techniques Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Shahzad Sharif, Maham Saeed, Javed Hussain Shah, Sajjad Hussain, Ahmad Adnan, Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz
Quarantine: of individuals is the reduction of actions or the separation of individuals who are not currently infected but might have encountered a disease or an infectious agent, with the sole purpose of analyzing their signs and ascertaining the timely identification of cases. Quarantine must not be confused with isolation which is the parting of diseased or infected individuals from the healthy ones to stop spreading the virus or contamination.
Respiratory Diseases
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Aref T. Senno, Ryan K. Brannon
Prevention of transmission is one of the best methods of reducing mortality and morbidity. Several behavioral, community, and institutional practices have been adopted to reduce the likelihood of transmission. Patients should be counseled on preventative measures including wearing face masks, physical distancing, and avoiding contact with COVID-positive or suspected cases. A meta-analysis of different behavioral methods found that consistent face mask usage resulted in significant reduction in risk of transmission (OR = 0.15). More significant associations were identified with medical masks and N95 respirators [153]. However, one meta-analysis of face mask usage found no difference in viral transmission (including COVID-19) when comparing medical masks to N95 respirators, suggesting that N95 may not be specifically necessary for healthcare workers [154]. Prevention of transmission of infectious particles is maximized when wearing a non-medical mask over a medical mask and performing knot tying of the ear loops proximal to the mask [155]. When possible, patients should remain at least 6 feet from other individuals per CDC guidelines. Physical distancing reduces risk of transmission (OR = 0.18) at 1-meter separation, with increasing effectiveness at greater distances [153]. If a patient does come into contact with a known COVID case, she should self-quarantine for 14 days. Testing can be performed at 5–7 days after contact, but negative testing does not shorten quarantine.
Global Focus and Interdisciplinary Approaches in COVID-19 Research and Their Outcomes
Published in Debmalya Barh, Kenneth Lundstrom, COVID-19, 2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in the number of people suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [27], traumatization, psychological distress, suicide [28], depressive symptoms, and extreme anxiety [29], all of which have negative psychological consequences because of the fear of contracting the virus, lack of sufficient knowledge about COVID-19, and long quarantine periods [30].
Transformation of substance use disorder treatment services during COVID-19 - A lasting change?
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Our study shows that confirmed COVID-19 and patient quarantines followed closely state-wideincidence waves in MAT centers while diverged from them in inpatient centers. During the third COVID-19 wave, inpatient centers had a decrease in quarantines among enrolled patients, despite a surge in state-wide cases. We hypothesize that vaccination status and pre-admission screening were the main reason for the decrease in quarantines at inpatient centers. Many inpatient centers may have conditioned admission by demanding that patients be vaccinated, as these were the recommended policies in the first stage of the pandemic (Department for the Treatment of Substance Abuse, 2021). Additionally, vaccination was administered to staff and enrolled patients in inpatient centers who were given just one dose before being admitted. A week after their second vaccine, patients were not required to quarantine in all exposure cases. Hence, both pre-screen and in-site vaccination resulted in a low incidence of COVID-19 in inpatient centers, and fewer quarantines.
COVID-19: quarantine, isolation, and lifestyle diseases
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Heena Rehman, Md Iftekhar Ahmad
The word quarantine has been derived from the Italian words quaranta giorni which refers to 40 days. The quarantine practice dates back to the fourteenth century when it was used to protect the coastal cities from the plague (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013). The law for the quarantine was reinterpreted in 1892 during the outbreak of cholera. In 1921, it was fully nationalised and the last station of quarantine was transferred to the United States government (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020). As per the executive order 13,295, the quarantine is used to restrict the spread of contagious diseases such as cholera, diphtheria, infectious tuberculosis, viral haemorrhagic fevers (like Ebola), smallpox, yellow fever, plague, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (Executive Orders disposition tables 2003). Isolation is different from quarantine as it is only for those people who are either infected or sick (HHS 2020). The federal government has the authority to legally quarantine any citizen and breaking this order might have serious consequences ranging from fine to imprisonment.
Self-control in Quarantined Individuals during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea
Published in Journal of Community Health Nursing, 2022
Quarantine is used as a strategy to separate and restrict the movement of a person who is considered to have been exposed to a contagious disease (Taghrir et al., 2020). Although specific types and rules vary across countries, the purpose of quarantine is the same: to prevent the transmission of an infectious disease (Chen et al., 2020). In the case of South Korea, quarantine applies to those who have come into contact with confirmed cases (or suspected cases), those who have been in a contaminated location, and those who entered from overseas (Kang et al., 2021). A public health center issues a self-quarantine notice to the concerned person, and that person is asked to comply with the self-quarantine guidelines. The quarantine involves specific rules and mainly focuses on isolating a person in an independent space at their own home or in government/hospital facilities and monitoring their physical condition twice a day to determine whether they are actually infected. The locations of quarantined individuals are closely monitored by local public health officials through location-tracking mobile phone applications, phone calls, and unexpected home visits (Ryu et al., 2020). After two weeks of self-quarantine, the quarantine order can be lifted only if the individuals show no symptoms and do not receive a positive COVID-19 test result.