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Present Situation of Schistosomiasis Control in China
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
Schistosoma japonicum is the only causative agent of schistosomiasis in China. Thus far, no case of schistosomiasis due to S. mekongi has been reported in spite of the presence of Tricula spp. in the bordering areas adjacent to the known endemic countries of schistosomiasis mekongi in Southeast Asia. A rodent schistosome belonging to the lateral spine group, S. sinensium, reported in the provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan, is noninfective to humans. As there exist only imported cases of schistosomiasis japonica in Taiwan where the local strain is a rodent one, that province will be omitted in the following presentation.
Immunomodulation of Schistosomal-Induced Inflammation
Published in Thomas F. Kresina, Immune Modulating Agents, 2020
Schistosoma japonicum is unique among the human schistosomes in that large nonhuman (wild and domestic animal) reservoirs exist. Thus, even with the development of praziquantel and subsequent mass chemotherapy programs, progress toward eradication of schistosomiasis japonica remains a formidable problem. In the Republic of the Philippines, high levels of transmission persist despite annual screening and treatment of the infected human population [20]. Rapid reinfection of the human population clearly continues despite current control strategies. To this point, experimental vaccines to prevent infection appear to be at best only partially effective in experimental animals [21]. Therefore, it is of critical importance for the purpose of reducing morbidity to elucidate the development and modulation of liver abnormality induced in this human disease.
Schistosomiasis
Published in Sandy Cairncross, Richard Feachem, Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics, 2018
Sandy Cairncross, Richard Feachem
Human schistosomiasis is mainly caused by one of four species of trematode worms: Schistosoma japonicum – found in East Asia and the Philippines and infecting domestic and wild animals as well as humans.Schistosoma mansoni – found in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and infecting humans and some animals.Schistosoma haematobium – found in Africa and the Middle East and rarely infecting animals.Schistosoma intercalatum – found in Cameroon, Congo, Gabon and Zaire.
HSP47: a potential target for fibrotic diseases and implications for therapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2021
Pierre-Simon Bellaye, Olivier Burgy, Philippe Bonniaud, Martin Kolb
As collagen accumulation is the major hallmark of fibrotic diseases, HSP47 has been explored as a marker of fibrotic lesions. HSP47 up-regulation correlates with collagen expression in several fibrosis models. HSP47 mRNA levels are up-regulated in parallel with collagen I and III mRNA during liver fibrosis [47]. High expression of HSP47 was also found in Schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis. Likewise, elevated levels of HSP47 were found in kidney, lung, peritoneal and intestine fibrosis in correlation with collagen deposition and disease progression [48–50]. Another study has shown that HSP47 mRNA were also up-regulated in myofibroblasts, in type II pneumocytes and in macrophages present in fibrotic lungs [51]. This association between HSP47 and collagen accumulation was confirmed in patients affected by oral submucous fibrosis [52], liver fibrosis [53], scleroderma [54] and pulmonary fibrosis [55].
Sja-miR-71a in Schistosome egg-derived extracellular vesicles suppresses liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis via targeting semaphorin 4D
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2020
Lifu Wang, Yao Liao, Ruibing Yang, Zilong Yu, Lichao Zhang, Zifeng Zhu, Xiaoying Wu, Jia Shen, Jiahua Liu, Lian Xu, Zhongdao Wu, Xi Sun
Schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma species and is a serious parasitic disease throughout the world’s tropical regions. Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) is widely distributed in the Philippines, Indonesia and the South of China [1]. The female S. japonicum worm produces numerous eggs that are transported to the liver. Subsequently, eggs present in the liver elicit host immune responses including granulomatous inflammation and fibrotic reactions. Schistosomiasis is characterized by liver fibrosis and the host’s fibrotic reactions can accelerate the death of the eggs that eventually calcify. Recent studies have shown that S. japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) eggs suppress the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and lead to the transcriptional downregulation of fibrosis-associated genes [2,3]. Consistently, studies have suggested that soluble antigens from S. japonicum eggs can inhibit HSC activation, induce senescence of activated HSCs and facilitate HSCs apoptosis to control the progression of hepatic fibrosis [4–6]. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
Imported African schistosomiasis and the potential risk of transmission in China
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2018
Jing Cui, Peng Jiang, Yan Yan Song, Xi Zhang, Zhong Quan Wang
Schistosomiasis is an important global public health problem, and over 200 million individuals are estimated to be infected with Schistosoma spp. in 76 tropical and subtropical countries around the world [1]. In China, only Schistosoma japonicum was endemic. This species was once highly endemic in 12 provinces, and more than 10 million people were infected in the early 1950s [2]. Since that time, great progress has been made in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis. By the end of 2015, the transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted in five of the 12 former endemic provinces, and seven provinces had achieved transmission control in China (<1% prevalence of S. japonicum infection in humans and livestock, no autochthonous patients with acute schistosomiasis, and no infected snail hosts for consecutive 2 years) [3]. In 2015, it is estimated that there are 77,194 human cases, and no cases of acute schistosomiasis were reported in China [4].