China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Plant-Based Adjunct Therapy for Tuberculosis
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Lydia Gibango, Anna-Mari Reid, Jonathan L. Seaman, Namrita Lall
Patients infected and diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis for the first time have to be treated for six months. These patients are suspected to have drug-susceptible TB strains. For a two-month intensive phase, patients are administered a combined regimen that includes isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin. Thereafter, only isoniazid and rifampicin are prescribed for a four-month continuation phase. Effective regimens for patients with resistant strains or previously treated cases are tailored according to the phenotypic profile of the mycobacterial isolates (Sotgiu et al., 2016).
Inflammatory, Hypersensitivity and Immune Lung Diseases, including Parasitic Diseases.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Patients with HIV infection may develop florid tuberculosis and this may precede the onset of AIDS. This especially occurs in those at risk from their background environment, e.g. in Central Africa. In infected white people, drug addicts seem to be more at risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Many white patients with AIDS, who also have tuberculosis, seem to manifest this mainly in the GI tract or liver, and may excrete the organism in the stools, or have it discovered by liver biopsy. Tuberculosis often occurs as a mixed infection with other organisms. Fistulae to the oesophagus or elsewhere may occasionally occur.
Bacterial, Mycobacterial, and Spirochetal (Nonvenereal) Infections
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Management: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis should be isolated in order to prevent spread. Antibiotic regimens include isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and either ethambutol or streptomycin and are usually given for 6 months dosed according to weight. Treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis as recommended in the guidelines by the World Health Organization, consist of an intensive phase for 2 months (isoniazid, 5 mg/kg/day; rifampin, 10 mg/kg/day; ethambutol, 15 mg/kg/day; and pyrazinamide, 25 mg/kg/day) followed by a maintenance phase for 4 months (isoniazid and rifampicin).
Airflow obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are common in pulmonary tuberculosis even without sequelae findings on chest X-ray
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Hye Jung Park, Min Kwang Byun, Jaeuk Lee, Chi Young Kim, Sojung Shin, Youlim Kim, Chin Kook Rhee, Ki Suck Jung, Kwang Ha Yoo
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious cause of mortality worldwide, and it is a well-known risk factor for airflow obstruction and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [1–4]. Mycobacterium tuberculosis enters through the airway and can cause structural changes in the airway and lung parenchyma. Therefore, patients with a history of TB frequently show fibrotic changes and distortion of bronchovascular structures [5]. These irreversible structural changes can lead to small airway dysfunction and permanent impairment of lung function after TB treatment ends. Menezes et al. reported that the forced expiratory volume over 1 s (FEV1) was 95.7% and 88.1% in the control and post-TB groups, respectively; the FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) was 75% and 69%, respectively [6]. Therefore, TB is also suggested as being one of the important risk factors for developing COPD, one hallmark of which is chronic airway inflammation and airflow limitation [7,8]. We also previously showed that TB history negatively affected the severity of COPD, and the changes have been sustained and aggravated as time goes by [9]. Otherwise, Taiwan national studies have shown prompt initiation of anti-TB treatment can prevent COPD [10].
Linezolid-related adverse effects in the treatment of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective study
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2023
Dan Cui, Xiaomeng Hu, Li Shi, Dongchang Wang, Gang Chen
The clinical symptoms in patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were observed and recorded every week after treatment beginning. Meanwhile, regular chest CT was performed and compared with previous chest CT results. The sputum was collected every month and cultured for acid-fast bacilli and sputum mycobacterium tuberculosis testing. Briefly, 3 sputum samples of all patients were collected. Then smear acid-fast staining was applied to each specimen. The procedure was as follows; Mixing of the 3 specimens, then extraction of 1 ml for Xpert MTB/RIF test, and 2 ml for L-J culture and mycobacteria growth indicator tube culture. The acid-fast staining experiment of sputum smear was carried out in strict accordance with relevant experimental requirements. All patients underwent blood routine, urine routine, liver and kidney function, electrocardiogram, blood coagulation index, and vision examinations.
Tuberculosis epidemiological trend in Sousse, Tunisia during twenty years (2000–2019)
Published in Libyan Journal of Medicine, 2022
Sarra Melki, Ghodhbani Mizouni, Dhekra Chebil, Ahmed Ben Abdelaziz
The Tunisian efforts to fight tuberculosis started after the independence, and the latest version of the National Guide was published in 2018 [46]. This edition is, still, more oriented toward pulmonary tuberculosis which may be due to the contagious nature of pulmonary tuberculosis compared to the extra-pulmonary form. Currently, there is a need to be more, or at least, equally focused on both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Incidence of tuberculosis were found to be much higher in prison settings which need to be addressed by the public health authorities. Moreover, there is a national necessity to enhance the community’s knowledge about tuberculosis and especially about the extra-pulmonary form. Ben Salah et al. [47] highlighted the knowledge disparity and heterogeneity. They stated that coughing was the main alarming symptom for people, with a variety between regions, educational status, and gender. They highlighted the importance of mass media such as televisions and radios as they were the main two sources of information stated by the population of the study [47]. Also, it is time to digitalize and computerize the regional and national registry of tuberculosis. This will allow the centralization of both national and regional epidemiological information at the ministerial level, thus, better knowledge about the distribution of important epidemiological parameters using geographical information systems and per consequence identifying high-risk zones and intervene effectively and efficiently.