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Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Treatment of pubic lice is usually performed with permethrin 1% lotion or pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide applied to the affected area and washed off 10 minutes later (60). Alternative therapies include Malathion 0.5% lotion and ivermectin. Unlike head lice, a second treatment is required only after 9 to 10 days if live lice are noted at that time. A notable exception to the use of these medications is infection of eyebrows or eyelashes that are most commonly treated by physical removal of lice and nits, with application of ophthalmic-grade petrolatum ointment two to four times per day for 10 days. Supplemental measures including physical removal of nits, laundering of clothing and bed linens in hot water, and placement of unwashable items in sealed plastic bags for 2 weeks are more strongly recommended than that was the case for head lice. Also all sexual partners for the past month should be informed of their risk for infection and treated prior to resuming sexual contact. Since pubic lice is a sexually transmitted disease, it is prudent to evaluate for the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases (60). Pregnant women should be treated with the primary therapies of permethrin or pyrethrin; use of Malathion and ivermectin in pregnancy should be avoided if possible.
Scabies and pediculosis
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
The diagnosis of pubic lice is made by observation of the nit or adult louse. Here, too, maculae ceruleae may sometimes be found, but more often the nit or louse may be seen on the hair shaft. Crab lice prefer short hairs, most commonly the pubic area, but may be found on the eyelashes, eyebrows, beard, occipital scalp and body hair. Infestation of the eyelashes may be confused with other forms of blepharitis. They generally are asymptomatic for up to 30 days, but then they usually start to itch. The larvae attach to a single hair and take 7 to 8 days to mature, and then as adults they straddle two hairs. The finding of pubic lice on a child should alert one to the possibility of child abuse.
Infectious Skin Diseases
Published in Aimilios Lallas, Zoe Apalla, Elizabeth Lazaridou, Dimitrios Ioannides, Theodosia Gkentsidi, Christina Fotiadou, Theocharis-Nektarios Kirtsios, Eirini Kyrmanidou, Konstantinos Lallas, Chryssoula Papageorgiou, Dermatoscopy A–Z, 2019
Aimilios Lallas, Zoe Apalla, Elizabeth Lazaridou, Dimitrios Ioannides, Theodosia Gkentsidi, Christina Fotiadou, Theocharis-Nektarios Kirtsios, Eirini Kyrmanidou, Konstantinos Lallas, Chryssoula Papageorgiou
Even though phthiriasis pubis mainly affects the pubic hairs in the groin, it can also involve the eyebrows, eyelashes, trunk, thighs, axillary areas, and occasionally, the scalp. The pubic louse (Phthirus pubis, also called “crab” due to its short, broad body and its large front claws) is an ectoparasite whose host is human, and it feeds exclusively on blood. Morphologically, it differs from all the other Phthirus species. Specifically, an adult louse is about 1.3–2 mm long, and its body is oval shaped. Moreover, its hind two pairs of legs are thicker than the front legs and have large claws for better traction. Its eggs are gray in color and are grouped in small piles at the base of hair fibers. The pubic lice are transmitted via close body contact (usually sexual) and less commonly through clothing, linen, and towels used by an infested individual. Clinical examination and history of itching are usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis. In case of diagnostic doubts, dermatoscopy may prove helpful, since it can easily point out the parasite and the nits (Figure 7.8). Similar to phthiriasis capitis, dermatoscopy facilitates the evaluation and monitoring of the therapeutic outcome, by identifying live and dead nits (Figure 7.9).
Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections among Users of Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Centers in Portugal
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2022
Eleonora C. V. Costa, Tânia Barbosa, M. Soares, Teresa McIntyre, M. Graça Pereira
In terms of sexual behaviors, participants had a mean of 7.56 sexual partners (SD = 12.27; range between 1 and 101). The mean number of sexual partners in the past six months was 3.30 (SD = 5.15) and very few of the participants exchanged sex for money or drugs (M = 0.24; SD = 5.15). Vaginal sex during the past six months was the most frequent sexual practice with a mean of 12.40 (SD = 23.16), followed by oral sex (M = 11.53; DP = 19.86) and anal sex (M = 5.41; SD = 13.03). Condom use in the last four sexual acts was used about half of the times (M = 2.13; SD = 1.66). Regarding STIs, a possible health outcome of sexual risk behavior, 11.9% (n = 20) reported having had a STI during their lifetime, namely hepatitis B (n = 1; 0.6%), gonorrhea (n = 10; 6%), syphilis (n = 4; 2.4%), genital herpes (n = 1; 0.6%), chlamydia (n = 2; 1.2%), trichomoniasis (n = 1; 0.6%), genital warts (n = 3; 1.8%), e pubic lice (n = 4; 2.4%). None of the participants tested positive for HIV (Table 2).
Delineating the Boundaries Between Nonmonogamy and Infidelity: Bringing Consent Back Into Definitions of Consensual Nonmonogamy With Latent Profile Analysis
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2020
Forrest Hangen, Dev Crasta, Ronald D. Rogge
Respondents indicated all STIs they had ever contracted out of 10 common STIs (“Please indicate the sexually transmitted infections you have contracted: pubic lice, scabies, gonorrhea, chlamydia, HPV, HPV with genital warts, hepatitis, vaginitis (including trichomoniasis, gardnerella, & candidiasis), herpes, syphilis”). Given the low rates of endorsement, responses on these items were converted to a single dichotomous variable contrasting individuals reporting no experience with STIs from those reporting one or more.