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Order Picornavirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
Although not directly connected with the VLP matter, the oncolytic property of PVSRIPO, a recombinant PV-HRV chimera, should be mentioned. The PVSRIPO chimera, where the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) of PV was substituted with the IRES from HRV2, has shown promise for glioblastoma treatment. The impact of the PVSRIPO therapy is substantially reviewed (Goetz and Gromeier 2010; Goetz et al. 2011; Brown and Gromeier 2015; Denniston et al. 2016; Brown et al. 2017; Desjardins et al. 2018; Gromeier and Nair 2018; Iorgulescu et al. 2018; Carpenter et al. 2021; Gromeier et al. 2021).
Oncolytic virus therapy for malignant gliomas: entering the new era
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2023
Hirotaka Fudaba, Hiroaki Wakimoto
PVSRIPO is a live attenuated poliovirus type 1 (Sabin) vaccine with its cognate internal ribosome entry site replaced with that of human rhinovirus type 2. PVSRIPO recognizes the poliovirus receptor CD155, which is widely expressed in GBM [33,34]. A phase I clinical trial enrolled a total of 61 patients with recurrent GBM and investigated the delivery of PVSRIPO via CED in a dose-escalation phase and a dose-expansion phase (107–3.3x108 tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50)). In the latter phase, 19% of the patients had a PVSRIPO-related adverse event of grade 3 or higher. Overall survival rate of treated patients was 21% at 24 months that was sustained at 36 months, suggesting a durable, improved survival compared with historical controls (NCT01491893) [35].
Prospects of biological and synthetic pharmacotherapies for glioblastoma
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2020
David B. Altshuler, Padma Kadiyala, Felipe J. Nuñez, Fernando M. Nuñez, Stephen Carney, Mahmoud S. Alghamri, Maria B. Garcia-Fabiani, Antonela S. Asad, Alejandro J. Nicola Candia, Marianela Candolfi, Joerg Lahann, James J. Moon, Anna Schwendeman, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Maria G. Castro
Oncolytic polio:rhinovirus recombinant virus, PVSRIPO, is a live-attenuated poliovirus type 1 virus, in which the internal ribosome entry site has been replaced with that of the human rhinovirus type 2 virus, blocking neurovirulence [84]. PVSRIPO tropism toward CD155, present in tumor cells and APCs, enables tumor cell cytotoxicity and activation of an inflammatory response. The survival of recurrent GBM patients treated with convection-enhanced delivery of this vector in a Phase I clinical trial reached a plateau of 21% overall survival at 24 months, with a subset of patients surviving over 57 months [84] (Table 2). PVSRIPO was also granted Breakthrough Therapy designation by FDA. Nevertheless, success in a double-blind controlled, randomized Phase 3 clinical trial is necessary in order to draw conclusive results.
Promising vaccines for treating glioblastoma
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2018
Adam M. Swartz, Steven H. Shen, Miguel A. Salgado, Kendra L. Congdon, Luis Sanchez-Perez
PVSRIPO is a recombinant live attenuated poliovirus type 1 derived from the Sabin strain, in which the Internal Ribosome Entry Site has been replaced with that of human rhinovirus type 2 [88]. PVSRIPO was adapted to infect glioma cell cells, therefore, displaying tropism against malignant tumors such as GBM [89]. PVSRIPO leads to a rapid productive infection resulting in tumor lysis and the induction of an inflammatory response characterized by type I IFN expression, recruitment of myeloid cells, and activation of DCs and tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells [90]. These novel findings have resulted in the initiation of a phase Ib in pediatric glioblastoma and a phase II clinical study in patients with brain tumors (NCT03043391 and NCT02986178, respectively). PVSRIPO has received a breakthrough therapy designation from the FDA as a potential treatment for patients with recurrent GBM due to the encouraging results obtained in the recently published phase I clinical study (NCT01491893) [91].