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Omphalitis
Published in Alisa McQueen, S. Margaret Paik, Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Illustrated Clinical Cases, 2018
Causative organisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, groups A and B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Clostridium difficile. Major complications associated with omphalitis include septicemia, necrotizing fasciitis, peritonitis, adhesive small bowel obstruction, retroperitoneal and pelvic abscesses, and hepatic venous thrombosis.
Clinical Problems
Published in Christopher Flannigan, A Practical Guide to Managing Paediatric Problems on the Postnatal Wards, 2017
After birth when the umbilical cord has been cut, the remaining part of the cord is now dead tissue, which becomes necrotic and falls off around 5-7 days of age. The cord clamp can rub against the infant's skin, so it is not uncommon for there to be some mild erythema on the skin surrounding the umbilicus. This must be differentiated from an umbilical infection or omphalitis. Omphalitis is a serious condition in the neonate and if not treated quickly can result in sepsis, necrotising fasciitis and umbilical vessel phlebitis.
The design and delivery of maternal health interventions in Pakistan: a scoping review
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2021
Shahzadi Zain, Bismah Jameel, Mahrukh Zahid, Maryam Munir, Sujane Kandasamy, Umair Majid
Among the studies that described interventions on obstetric and perinatal care, three (42.9% of 7) discussed different types of the Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) intervention package that was designed to reduce maternal mortality and increase health literacy (Ali et al., 2008; Khan et al., 2012; Turab et al., 2013). Studies that discussed the EmONC also investigated the extent of compliance by health facilities that offer these services and the factors that delay access to EmONC. In addition, the authors also focused on reducing neonatal mortality rate through interventions other than the EmONC intervention package in three studies (Bhutta et al., 2008, 2011; McClure et al., 2014). In one of these studies, the authors achieved this objective by increasing the accessibility and use of antenatal ultrasound screening that identify and reduce maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal near misses, and stillbirths (McClure et al., 2014). In another study, the authors aimed to reduce the risk of omphalitis in newborns by introducing an umbilical cord cleansing intervention package (Soofi et al., 2012).
Two Case Reports of Neuropsychological Functioning in Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA)
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2020
Yanin Santoya-Montes, Karol Gutiérrez-Ruiz, Rodrigo Zequeira Cotes, Pedro Puentes Rozo
Patient A is a right-handed 14-year-old girl who was born to fifth-degree consanguineous parentage and was diagnosed with CIPA at age 2. She was born by cesarean delivery with an eventful antenatal period due to abortion threats. There were no complications during delivery. No delay in developmental milestones was observed. Seven days after birth, the patient evinced neonatal omphalitis, mild hyperthermia, and neonatal sepsis, for which she was hospitalized for 8 days. She was diagnosed with dysthermia 15 days after birth. There was no painful reaction to vaccines or during perforation of the earlobes. When the first teeth came out, the patient would injure herself through bites on the tongue, gums, and fingers. The four lower anterior teeth avulsed at 7 months from repeated trauma upon occlusion with the upper anterior teeth. When independent walking started, the patient would frequently fall, leading to blows to the head without loss of consciousness as well as frequent injuries to the fingers, hands, and elbows without any manifestation of pain. There is no history of seizures.
Chicken toll-like receptors and their significance in immune response and disease resistance
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2019
Aamir Nawab, Lilong An, Jiang Wu, Guanghui Li, Wenchao Liu, Yi Zhao, Qimin Wu, Mei Xiao
E. coli can infect all poultry birds and are widely distributed contributing huge economic losses in poultry industry [108]. E. coli causes colibacillosis, omphalitis, cellulitis and yolk sac infection. Vaccines either live or inactivated protect the birds against homologous strain, but they are less effective against the heterologous strains [98]. CpG-ODN enhances the immune response of chicken that protects the poultry against the lethal E. coli challenge [150, 151]. A report has revealed that CpG-ODN 2007 possess immunoprotective property against the cellulitis and colibacillosis in broilers [152]. CpG provided local and systemic protection toward E. coli which, in turn, reduced the size of the cellulitis lesion and enhanced the survival rate when administered subcutaneous or intramuscular. CpG protects the day old chicks against E. coli infection. CpG-ODN 2007 administration by intramuscular or in ovo routes reduced bacterial counts in air sacs and improved survival rate against E. coli infection [126, 152].