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Prenatal Care
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Gabriele Saccone, Kerri Sendek
All women of age <25 years (strongest risk factor), multiple sex partners, new partner within the past 3 months, single marital status, inconsistent use of barrier contraception, previous or concurrent sexually transmitted infection (STI), vaginal discharge, mucopurulent cervicitis, friable cervix, or signs of cervicitis on physical examination should be screened. Some agencies advocate universal chlamydia screening. Rescreen in the third trimester if at increased risk for infection. Screening using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology is most accurate (see Chap. 36 in Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines).
DRCOG OSCE for Circuit C Answers
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
The risk factors for cervical cancer include early coitus, low socio-economic class, multiple sex partners, infection with human papilloma virus (HPV16, 18 and 31), smoking, combined oral contraceptive (coc), childbearing (trauma to the cervix) and chronic cervicitis.
The Reproductive System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Several neoplastic disorders affect the female reproductive organs, the most frequent being cervical carcinoma. Cervical carcinoma is closely associated with a history of early and frequent coitus and multiple sex partners, and trauma from viral and bacterial infections is thought to be related to the neoplastic process. On the continuum from normal to invasive cancer, minimal cervical dysplasia is the first histologic change seen, indicating abnormal cell proliferation in the lower third of the epithelium, most of such lesions reverting to normal. Severe dysplasia is abnormal proliferation in two-thirds of the epithelium, and it is felt that most severe dysplasias progress to carcinoma in situ.
Food Insecurity and Risky Sexual Behaviors among University Students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2022
Trishka Govender, Nalini Govender, Poovendhree Reddy
Our data indicate that food insecurity was associated with a 2-fold higher odds of having multiple sexual partners [(aOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.22; 3.42), p = 0.006], corroborating other studies (Nagata et al., 2021; Vogenthaler et al., 2013). Despite the lack of similar studies being conducted amongst university students globally, a study among young adults in the United States revealed that females who were food insecure were at a higher odds of having multiple sex partners concurrently (aOR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01; 1.73) in contrast to their male counterparts (Nagata et al., 2021). In the African context, financial hardship and food insecurity were identified as reasons for having multiple sex partners in a study conducted on adolescent Kenyan girls (Onono et al., 2021). Similarly, our study findings suggest that university students are vulnerable to food insecurity, which predisposes them to engage in sexual practices with multiple concurrent partners to increase their access to basic amenities like food and clothing. Having multiple sex partners heightens the risk of acquiring STIs, such as HIV (Shiferaw et al., 2014).
Risk factors and prevalence of symptoms of sexually transmitted infections in Rural Mayan Villages in Guatemala
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2020
Mabel C. Ezeonwu, Heidi A. Stecher, Ronald N. Carrick, Lauren A. Smith, Jennifer Hoock, Carolyn E. Bain, Sukhjeet Kamboj
STIs are global issues with serious reproductive health consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection on individuals. Our study raises an important question for future research: What do the villagers know about STIs or good vaginal health? This question also applies to villagers and inhabitants of low-resource communities around the world. We suggest that an intervention study using a pre- and post-survey of participants’ knowledge of STIs before and after an educational session is imperative. We recommend that future research include education sessions centered on STIs, a normal vaginal health, abnormal genital symptoms, condom use, multiple sex partners, and consequences of unprotected sex. Surveys of participants’ knowledge level before and after each education session will then be analyzed to determine appropriate healthcare services delivery strategies.
Risky behaviours among adolescents in a rural community. A study conducted at Kwabre East District, Ashanti Region of Ghana
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2019
Ramatu Agambire, Cecilia Ackon Ansong, Charles Adusei
On the number of sexual partners, 47% had no sexual partners while 31% and 22% had single sexual partner and two or more sexual partners, respectively. Comparing adolescents who had no sexual partner to adolescents with single partners and two or more sexual partners, the adolescents with multiple sexual partners are more likely to get STI and unwanted pregnancy than those with single sexual partners although the reverse can also happen. This could be attributed to more sexual demands from multiple sexual partners and the likelihood to also look somewhere to meet their sexual desires which will increase the chances of getting STI. These results align with Terzian et al. (2011) stressing that multiple sex partners are the leading cause of STIs. On the other hand, (Ma et al., 2009) suggested that early initiation of sexual intercourse with one or more sex partners at a time puts partners at high risk to acquire STI which is not different from the results of the study.