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LPD Associated with Epstein–Barr Virus Infection
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous, oncogenic double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family, which comprises several well-known human-infecting viral pathogens including herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1, or human herpesvirus 1), herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2, or human herpesvirus 2), varicella zoster virus (VZV, or human herpesvirus 3), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV, or human herpesvirus 4), cytomegalovirus (CMV, or human herpesvirus 5), Roseolovirus (human herpesviruses 6 and 7), and Kaposi sarcoma−associated herpesvirus (KSHV, or human herpesvirus 8). Of these, EBV and KSHV are classified in the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily, and primarily target B lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and other cells, with B cells being the site of latency.
Tea Polyphenolic Compounds against Herpes Simplex Viruses
Published in Satya Prakash Gupta, Cancer-Causing Viruses and Their Inhibitors, 2014
Tin-Chun Chu, Sandra D. Adams, Lee H. Lee
The Herpesviridae family contains more than 100 different herpesviruses that infect a multitude of host organisms, including fish, birds, horses, and humans. Herpesviruses are further classified into three subfamilies: Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae. HSV types 1 and 2 (human herpesvirus 1 and 2, or HHV-1 and -2) are members of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, Simplexvirus genus. The other genus in the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily is the Varicellovirus genus that also includes varicella zoster virus (HHV-3) that causes chicken pox and shingles. This subfamily is distinguished by its short reproductive cycle, rapid spread, destruction of host cells, and by establishing its latent cycle (Mettenleiter et al. 2009; Roizman and Baines 1991).
Laboratory Diagnosis of CNS Viral Infections
Published in Sunit K. Singh, Daniel Růžek, Neuroviral Infections, 2013
Alexander C. Outhred, Jen Kok, Dominic E. Dwyer
Human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively) are the most frequently diagnosed viral cause of encephalitis in developed countries and are also important in developing countries (Davison et al. 2003; Glaser et al. 2006; Huppatz et al. 2009; Mailles and Stahl 2009). Disease usually represents recrudescence of latent infection, but may occur during primary infection. Encephalitis during primary infection is particularly common in neonates (caused by either HSV-1 or HSV-2), often as part of disseminated infection.
Infectious Mononucleosis: diagnosis and clinical interpretation
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2021
P Naughton, M Healy, F Enright, B Lucey
EBV is a double-stranded DNA oncogenic virus classified under the order Herpesvirales as belonging to the Herpes family of viruses, Herpesviridae. These can be further classified into three subfamilies: α, β and γ (Table 1) [37]. Alpha-herpesvirinae include Human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2) commonly referred to as herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) and Human herpes virus 3 (HHV-3) (more commonly known as the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)) which cause herpes labialis/genitalis and chicken-pox, respectively. Beta-herpesvirinae include Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5) and Roseolovirus (HHV-6, HHV-7) which can cause infectious mononucleosis like infections (IML) and Roseola Infantum, respectively [6,11,37]. Gamma-herpesvirinae include EBV (Human herpesvirus 4, HHV-4) the causative agent of IM which is also implicated in several human cancers including Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s and T-cell lymphomas and various gastric and nasopharyngeal carcinomas [9,38–41]. EBV is also associated with several autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis (MS) [34,42–46]. It is also implicated in associated cases of acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) [20,47]. The second virus in this subgroup is Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated virus (KSHV) or more formally known as Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) responsible for Kaposi’s sarcoma [48].
Quantitative real-time PCR for differential diagnostics of parvovirus B19 infection in acute liver failure patients
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2019
Arthur Daniel Rocha Alves, Rita De Cassia Nasser Cubel Garcia, Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz, Marcelo Alves Pinto, Luciane Almeida Amado Leon
In order to evaluate the accuracy of qPCR techniques to detect and quantify B19V-DNA, a reference panel was constructed consisting of: sera samples from 33 patients with confirmed B19V infection (B19V-DNA positive and/or anti-B19V IgM positive): erythema infectiosum (n = 21), transient aplastic crisis (n = 6), coinfection with HIV (n = 5), asymptomatic blood donor (n = 1);sera samples from 38 patients with recent infections to other viruses (B19V-DNA and anti-B19V IgM negative): Dengue virus (n = 10), Rubella virus (n = 10), Human Immunodeficiency virus (n = 5), Hepatitis A virus (n = 4), Hepatitis B virus (n = 3), Human Bocavirus (n = 1), Human herpesvirus 6 (n = 1) and Human herpesvirus 1/2 (n = 4).
COVID-19-related diffuse posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy and microbleeds masquerades as acute necrotizing encephalopathy
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Dioselina Panamá Tristán-Samaniego, Erwin Chiquete, Irene Treviño-Frenk, Johnatan Rubalcava-Ortega, Jesús Antonio Higuera-Calleja, Griselda Romero-Sánchez, Lissett Espinoza-Alvarado, Ana Barrera-Vargas, Fernando Flores-Silva, Alejandra González-Duarte, Felipe Vega-Boada, Carlos Cantú-Brito
The patient was transferred to the general wards after being mechanically ventilated and sedated for 13 days at the ICU. Two days after discharge from ICU, the patient had a neurological examination revealing reduced consciousness with a Glasgow coma score (GCS) of 12 of 15, mixed delirium with marked disorientation, mild agitation, slow thoughts and speech, right central facial paralysis, and generalized hyperreflexia. A brain CT showed symmetrical bilateral hypodensities in subcortical white matter and the splenium of the corpus callosum. A lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed normal cells count, protein, and glucose concentrations, with a negative rtRT-PCR result for SARS-CoV-2, human herpesvirus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster and cytomegalovirus.