China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ticks
Published in Jerome Goddard, Public Health Entomology, 2022
Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Ehrlichia and Anaplasma organisms may be transmitted by ticks as well. They are rickettsia-like bacteria that primarily infect circulating leukocytes. The most common of them, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), occurs mostly in the central and southern United States, and infects mononuclear phagocytes in blood and tissues.12 There were 1,799 cases of HME in the United States in 2018.4 A new species of Ehrlichia causing human illness in Minnesota and Wisconsin has recently been recognized.13 Another, Anaplasma (formerly Ehrlichia) phagocytophilum, infects granulocytes and causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA); it is mostly reported from the upper Midwest and northeastern United States. There were 4,008 cases of HGA in the United States in 2018.4
Severe Tick-Borne Infections and Their Mimics in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
Praveen Sudhindra, Gary P. Wormser
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which is an obligate intracellular bacterium. As the name suggests, the organism exhibits tropism for neutrophils. The geographic distribution is generally identical to Lyme disease, since it is transmitted by the same Ixodes spp. tick vectors.
Ticks
Published in Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard, The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects granulocytes and causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). For many years, this disease was called human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) and is often included in the older medical literature under that label. Complicating matters further, sometimes commercial laboratories may still refer to tests for HGA as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis tests. HGA is mostly reported from the upper midwestern and northeastern United States. There were 3656 cases of HGA reported to the CDC in 2015, a 30% increase over 2014.18 The case fatality rate is 0.3% but can be higher in older patients.31
Tick-borne disease (babesiosis)
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Hanish Jain, Garima Singh, Rahul Mahapatra
Babesia infections range from asymptomatic to severe and are sometimes fatal.1 The severity of infection depends on the Babesia species and the immune status of the host.2 Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease that shares the Lyme disease tick vector. Other pathogens transmitted by Ixodes scapularis ticks include Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia miyamotoi, Borrelia mayonii, Powassan virus, and Ehrlichia muris–like agent. As many as two-thirds of patients with babesiosis experience concurrent Lyme disease, and one-third experience concurrent human granulocytic anaplasmosis.3B. microti is the predominant species that infects humans in the United States. The incubation period of B. microti infection following a tick bite is typically 1 to 4 weeks. This case highlights the importance of exchange transfusion in severe cases of babesiosis.
Babesiosis as a cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a series of eight cases
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2019
Silvia Alvarez De Leon, Priyasha Srivastava, Alberto E. Revelo, Aparna Kadambi, Marc Y. El Khoury, Gary P. Wormser, Oleg Epelbaum
Patients were considered to be co-infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease (LD), or Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the cause of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, if the following criteria were met: Criteria for co-infection with B. burgdorferi: During the patients’ hospitalizations (at WMC or at the referring hospital) there was documentation of an erythema migrans skin lesion and/or positive 2-tier serologic testing for antibodies of IgM class to B. burgdorferi.Criteria for co-infection with A. phagocytophilum: During the patients’ hospitalizations (at WMC or at the referring hospital) there was documentation of a positive blood smear, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or antibody titer of ≥1:640 by an indirect fluorescent antibody assay [14].
Anaplasmosis-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Mikhail de Jesus, Amanda Lopez, Jevin Yabut, Stephanie Vu, Madhuri Manne, Lauren Ibrahim, Rahul Mutneja
Known triggers for secondary HLH include infections, malignancies (primarily lymphoma), and autoimmune disorders, among others.7 Reports from East Asia have found rickettsial diseases resulting in HLH.9 Limited reports have identified anaplasmosis-induced HLH.10–12 Although our patient had elevated antibody titers for other potential etiologies including EBV, VZV, and parvovirus, the titers of the antibodies against these viruses were very low. We suspect that the formation of these antibodies was secondary to the significant inflammatory response that results from HLH. Our patient had a negative EBV PCR test and a positive A. phagocytophilum PCR test confirming the diagnosis of human granulocytic anaplasmosis.