China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Severe Tick-Borne Infections and Their Mimics in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
Praveen Sudhindra, Gary P. Wormser
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which is an obligate intracellular bacterium. As the name suggests, the organism exhibits tropism for neutrophils. The geographic distribution is generally identical to Lyme disease, since it is transmitted by the same Ixodes spp. tick vectors.
Ticks
Published in Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard, The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects granulocytes and causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). For many years, this disease was called human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) and is often included in the older medical literature under that label. Complicating matters further, sometimes commercial laboratories may still refer to tests for HGA as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis tests. HGA is mostly reported from the upper midwestern and northeastern United States. There were 3656 cases of HGA reported to the CDC in 2015, a 30% increase over 2014.18 The case fatality rate is 0.3% but can be higher in older patients.31
Rifampicin (Rifampin)
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
C. Alan, C. Street, Tony M. Korman
Ehrlichiae are rickettsia-like organisms transmitted by ticks. Recognized human pathogens are Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly E. phagocytophilia), and E. ewingii (Amsden et al., 2005; Dumler et al., 2007). These organisms are very sensitive to rifampicin in vitro (Brouqui and Raoult, 1990; Dumler and Bakken, 1995; Klein et al., 1997; Horowitz et al., 2001; Maurin et al., 2003; Branger et al., 2004), although rifampicin was inconsistently effective in eradicating organisms in experimental E. canis infection (Theodorou et al., 2013).
Detection of Neoehrlichia mikurensis DNA in blood donors in southeastern Sweden
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2022
Lisa Labbé Sandelin, Jenny Olofsson, Conny Tolf, Louise Rohlén, Lars Brudin, Ivar Tjernberg, Per-Eric Lindgren, Björn Olsen, Jonas Waldenström
Although vector-borne infectious agents can be found in blood, they are generally not transmitted directly by blood contact, but by a vector, such as a tick or a mosquito [20]. As a result, vector-borne infections vary geographically depending on vector species distribution, competency, and available reservoirs [8,21]. Several tick-borne pathogens can potentially be transmitted through blood transfusion. Furthermore, many tick-borne microorganisms are located intracellularly, which is an excellent condition for transmission by transfusion [21]. Different tick-borne infections have different cell tropisms that affect prevalence and density in human blood, and thus the probability of transfusion-mediated transmission [22]. In the Northern Hemisphere, a limited number of tick-borne infections have been identified as TTIs [21,22]. The intraerythrocytic protozoan Babesia spp. is of greatest concern to recipient safety [1]. Of transfusion-transmitted tick-borne rickettsiae, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which infects granulocytes and causes anaplasmosis, is most frequently reported [8,23].
Characterization of tick salivary gland and saliva alphagalactome reveals candidate alpha-gal syndrome disease biomarkers
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Margarita Villar, Iván Pacheco, Lourdes Mateos-Hernández, Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, Ala E. Tabor, Manuel Rodríguez-Valle, Albert Mulenga, Katherine M. Kocan, Edmour F. Blouin, José de La Fuente
Three possible sources of α-Gal are possible in ticks: its own synthesis, host blood meal and midgut microbiota. Tick species of the genera Amblyomma (A. americanum, A. cajennense, A. testudinarium, A. sculptum, A. variegatum, A. hebraeum), Ixodes (I. holocyclus, I. ricinus, I. australiensis, I. cajennense, I. nipponensis), Rhipicephalus (R. bursa), Hyalomma (H. marginatum) and Haemaphysalis (H. longicornis) has been associated with the AGS syndrome worldwide [54–56]. The presence of host proteins in tick saliva may contribute to its α-Gal content [10] and the possible role of tick microbiota with bacteria containing α-Gal has been discussed [54,57]. Tick-borne pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum have been also shown to contain α-Gal [58]. However, how host-derived proteins or tick microbiota contribute to the AGS is still under discussion.
Babesiosis as a cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a series of eight cases
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2019
Silvia Alvarez De Leon, Priyasha Srivastava, Alberto E. Revelo, Aparna Kadambi, Marc Y. El Khoury, Gary P. Wormser, Oleg Epelbaum
Patients were considered to be co-infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease (LD), or Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the cause of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, if the following criteria were met: Criteria for co-infection with B. burgdorferi: During the patients’ hospitalizations (at WMC or at the referring hospital) there was documentation of an erythema migrans skin lesion and/or positive 2-tier serologic testing for antibodies of IgM class to B. burgdorferi.Criteria for co-infection with A. phagocytophilum: During the patients’ hospitalizations (at WMC or at the referring hospital) there was documentation of a positive blood smear, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or antibody titer of ≥1:640 by an indirect fluorescent antibody assay [14].