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Pests Involved in Mechanical Disease Transmission
Published in Jerome Goddard, Public Health Entomology, 2022
Flies in the families Muscidae (house flies), Calliphoridae (blow flies), and Sarcophagidae (flesh flies) are often termed filth flies because of their unsanitary breeding and feeding habits. For example, house flies, Musca domestica, regurgitate liquid through their proboscis as they probe around on various surfaces, and also may deposit fecal matter as they crawl over food sources. House flies occur worldwide in association with human dwellings and are about 5 to 8 mm long with a dull gray thorax and abdomen (not shiny) (Figure 19.2). The thorax has four longitudinal dark stripes, and there are pale yellow areas on each side of the abdomen. Mature house fly larvae are 10 to 13 mm long and usually creamy white in color (Figure 19.3). Overall, the larvae have a conical shape very much like a carrot with two dark-colored mouth hooks at the narrow end and two oval spiracular plates or openings at the broad posterior end. There are no soft protuberances surrounding the spiracular openings in larval house flies. In addition, the three slits in their posterior spiracular plates of larvae are curvy as opposed to straight, which is a diagnostic feature for this species.
Toxicity and Chosen Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Some Tin Steroid Compounds on Selected Insect Species*
Published in Nate F. Cardarelli, Tin as a Vital Nutrient:, 2019
R. N. Sharma, Vrushali Tare, S. B. Bhonde
The common housefly, Musca domestica L. — IIIrd Instar larvae and 2- to 3-day-old unsexed adults were used for the different tests. The flies were reared on a diet of crushed animal feed, supplemented with yeast, milk powder, sucrose, and cholesterol. Adults were fed on sugar and milk.
Oxime Research
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
In Korea, Dr. Jung’s group prepared new oximes with a novel linker having two oxygen atoms in its structure. Their reactivation activity was tested on rat brain homogenate inhibited by VX agent. As a result, 1,6-bis(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-2,5-dioxahexane dichloride was the most potent, and it seems to be the most promising compound as a potential reactivator for AChE inhibited by VX agent. Furthermore, the prepared oximes were tested on housefly AChE and bovine red blood cell AChE inhibited by DFP and paraoxon. Based on the results, this oxime achieved promising results in the case of OPI-induced AChE inhibition (Oh et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2007). In addition, a new group of 3-oxapentane linker-containing reactivators was prepared in Korea (Kim et al., 2006). Among them, several derivatives were found to be promising in the case of OPI- and tabun-inhibited cholinesterase reactivation (Kim et al., 2006; Kuca et al., 2006).
On the Way to the Other: Dread, Wonder, Awe
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2021
Begin with the fact that while other others may be dreadful and awe-full to her, the child is capable of investigating them. The three-year-old bowled over by dinosaur skeletons can learn about them and the cataclysm that caused their extinction; astonished by tornadoes or bears, she can enter the throe of their terrible mystery by listening to the meteorologist or mammologist. Some of the awe-full heterogeneities she encounters will never lose their capacity to overwhelm her. And as Aquinas (2005, p. 21) said, even the housefly can keep on surpassing what intelligence has discovered about it—a medieval insight that the evolving science of entomology confirms. But the child doesn’t approach or try to explore the Stranger in this way. In fact, she doesn’t even approach another child in this way, even if her parents assure her that “She’s just like you.” The child defers to, shies away from, the transcendence of the human Other for reasons that aren’t relevant to any other experience of alterity she has: She’s aware that the Other is aware of her and capable of addressing her. This makes the human Other more intimidating and compelling, more dreadful and eminent, more imposing and authoritative, than all other others.
Impact of paternal transmission of gamma radiation on reproduction, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis of the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
One of the most prominent pests of much concern to public health is the housefly, Musca domestica. It plays a vital role as mechanical vector for many pathogens in both tropical and subtropical regions, such as the pathogens of diarrhea and dysentery (Levine and Levine 1991). In addition, it transmits several pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Clostridium difficile (Davies et al. 2016).
Carbon quantum dots nanoparticles deteriorate the antioxidant cellular status and stimulate DNA damage in tissues of the house fly Musca domestica larvae
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Mona Ragheb, Afaf A. Shalaby, Heba M. El-Sharkawy
The house fly is a key domestic and medical pest which acts as a considerable vector for many pathogenic organisms [7]. Considerable social and health problems are caused by such house fly which emphasizes the vast need to control its population [7]. It plays the role of being a medical vector of various pathogenic organisms which causes many dreadful diseases from which; typhoid, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, cholera, anthrax, ophthalmia neonatorum and parasitic worms as well as infantile diarrhea [8]. The house fly is widely prevalent and is closely associated with human activities [8]. Pathogenic organisms are transmitted by the flies from garbage, sewage and other sources and habitats of filth and transferred to the human food either mechanically via the contaminated external flies body parts or after the consumption by house flies via vomiting and defecation while feeding on the food [8]. The control of M. domestica is thus an essential and vital need. Insecticides, use of traps and sanitation are the most popular control methods. However, the development of house fly resistance to insecticides and the associated toxicity has rendered safer and smarter provision of alternatives for house fly control is mandatory [7]. CQDNPs are small (less than 10 nm) and luminescent carbon nanoparticles with some form of surface passivation [9]. As a novel emerging class of nanomaterials, CQDNPs have founding wide applications in many life fields including medicine and biological aspects [9]. In spite of being an interesting target to be controlled via many nanostructures including zinc oxide nanoparticles [10], silver nanoparticles [11, 12 &13] and chitosan nanoparticles [13], CQDNPs are seen to be an effective larval M. domestica control agent due to their excellent optical properties, low toxicity to mammalian cells and multivalent interaction capability with biological entities [9]. The level of interaction between CQDNPs and biological entities depends on the composition, size, shape and surface chemistry of the CQDNPs, as well as the structure and surface chemistry of the organisms [9]. In continual search for effective and long acting pesticides, nanoparticles could be new, smart and good strategy for that concern [14]. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the effect of CQDNPs on some biochemical and cellular parameters in tissues of the house fly larvae.