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Venereal diseases
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Diagnosis depends upon the finding of the Donovan bodies in scrapping or by the biopsy. It is important to exclude syphilis both by dark ground and by the serological examination. The lesions of granuloma inguinale in untreated cases after many months, tend to heal by themselves. When healing takes place, the scar may be atrophic and hypopigmented or hypertrophic. Some cases have been reported to develop malignancy.
Tropical genital and sexually acquired infections
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Granuloma inguinale – also called ulcerative granuloma or Donovanosis – is a chronic sexually transmitted infection (STI) which mainly affects the skin of the genitalia. It was first reported in 1882 by K McLeod, a surgeon working in Calcutta, India, and further defined in 1905 by C Donovan who identified the presence of characteristic encapsulated rod-shaped bacilli (the causative bacterial organism) in patients’ tissue samples or ulcer smears. These became known as ‘Donovan bodies’, hence the alternative name for the disease. Granuloma inguinale is endemic in many developing countries in tropical and subtropical areas, and relatively rare in developed countries. Sexually active people aged 20-40 years are most frequently affected.
Conditions
Published in Sarah Bekaert, Women's Health, 2018
Granuloma inguinale – a sexually transmitted infection that is rarely seen in western countries. It causes surface destruction and granuloma formation in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The disease is commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas such as South-East India, Guyana and New Guinea. The infection is twice as common in men as in women, with most cases occurring in individuals aged 20 to 40 years. The disease is seldom seen in children or the elderly. It is thought that anal intercourse, rather than vaginal intercourse, is the most frequent route of infection; about 50% of infected men and women have lesions in the anal area. Antibiotic treatment is indicated.
Initiation of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among youth in the United States, 2015–2018
Published in AIDS Care, 2023
Joshua A. Barocas, Mam Jarra Gai, Alykhan Nurani, Sarah M. Bagley, Scott E. Hadland
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database, which included all inpatient, outpatient, emergency department, behavioral health, and prescription drug claims from over 150 million unique individuals with employer-provided health insurance between 1 January 2015, and 31 December 2018. We identified adolescents and young adults aged 13–26 years (henceforth referred to as “youth”) who had a likely indication for PrEP based on the presence of ≥1 sexual risk factor and/or a substance use disorder with evidence of injection drug use. We defined sexual risk factors using diagnostic codes for either documented sexual activity with elevated risk for HIV or a sexually transmitted infection based on previously established International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes (Supplemental Digital Content Table 1). Sexual activity with elevated risk includes the following codes: “high risk sexual behavior” (ICD-9 V69.2), “high risk heterosexual behavior” (ICD-10 Z72.51), “high risk homosexual behavior” (ICD-10 Z72.52), and “high risk bisexual behavior” (ICD-10 Z72.53). Sexually transmitted infections include but are not limited to chlamydia, gonococcal infection, syphilis, chancroid, granuloma inguinale, and various herpes simplex infections. Although Chlamydia infection is not an explicit indication for PrEP in CDC guidelines (CDC, 2021c), we examined it as potentially indicating the need for PrEP since infection suggests sexual activity that could result in HIV exposure.