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Control of Human Intestinal Nematode Infections
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
Worm diseases drain the economic potential of most developing countries, but unfortunately the health programs in these countries always have deficient budgets, and the primary hygienic and sanitary needs are commonly lacking. Ascaris, hookworm, Trichuris and Enterobius infect more than 1 billion people. These helminths are, moreover, truly cosmopolitan in their distribution. Numerous patients are carriers of several of these pathogens. The well-known triad of soil-transmitted intestinal nematodes (roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms), coexists in the gut of some 100 million human beings, mostly in tropical developing countries.
Common problems in pregnancy
Published in Anne Lee, Sally Inch, David Finnigan, Therapeutics in Pregnancy and Lactation, 2019
Threadworm infestation is common in pregnancy. Women should be advised to try and eradicate infection through rigorous measures of hygiene, which will break the life cycle of the Enterobius parasite. With daily changing of bedlinen and nightwear, thorough scrubbing of hands and nails after going to the toilet and avoiding scratching the perianal area, the problem should clear up within a week or two. None of the available threadworm treatments have been proven safe in pregnancy and drug treatment is best avoided, particularly in the first trimester.43 Mebendazole is poorly absorbed from the gut so is unlikely to present a risk to the fetus, although toxicity in animal studies has been noted. Outwith the first trimester, mebendazole may be used if treatment is considered necessary.44,45 There is no evidence that piperazine exposure is harmful; women exposed inadvertently should be reassured.
Tropical Colorectal Surgery
Published in Peter Sagar, Andrew G. Hill, Charles H. Knowles, Stefan Post, Willem A. Bemelman, Patricia L. Roberts, Susan Galandiuk, John R.T. Monson, Michael R.B. Keighley, Norman S. Williams, Keighley & Williams’ Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, 2019
Meheshinder Singh, Kemal I. Deen
Enterobius causes little if any damage to the mucosa of the distal ileum, caecum and colon, where it is commonly found, although minute superficial ulceration and mild inflammatory changes do occur. Secondary bacterial infection of these lesions may occasionally result in submucosal abscesses. Serious complications can occur when the adult worm migrates through the intestinal wall into extraintestinal locations. A marked inflammatory response occurs in these sites, which includes the urogenital tract, liver, spleen, kidney, omentum and lung.
Identifying the response process validity of clinical vignette-type multiple choice questions: An eye-tracking study
Published in Medical Teacher, 2023
Francisco Carlos Specian Junior, Thiago Martins Santos, John Sandars, Eliana Martorano Amaral, Dario Cecilio-Fernandes
Boy, 4 years old, complaining of perianal itching, exacerbated at night with restless sleep and irritability. The older brother has had similar symptoms for about a month. Physical examination: no changes. The cause is infection with:Trichuris Trichiura.Enterobius vermicularis.Ancylostoma duodenalis.Strongyloides stercoralis.Typical HCQ
A 3-Year Study of Predictive Factors for Positive and Negative Appendicectomies
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Dwayne T. S. Chang, Melissa Maluda, Lisa Lee, Chandrasiri Premaratne, Srisongham Khamhing
The trends in blood test results of patients in the negative and positive appendicectomy groups are shown in Table 1, respectively. WCC and neutrophil count results were not available in 17 (8.2%) patients. CRP and bilirubin results were not available in 20 (9.6%) and 27 (13.0%) patients, respectively. The rate of negative appendectomy among those with incomplete lab results was 16.1% (5/31). Six (3.2%) patients with appendicitis had Enterobius vermicularis in their appendices, but none was found in the negative appendicectomy group. “No pathology found” was the most common (33.3%) final histological diagnosis of patients in the negative appendicectomy cohort (Table 2). Among the 24 patients in the negative appendicectomy cohort, 18 patients were true negative appendicectomies, whereas six had conditions that necessitated appendicectomy anyway due to obstructive appendicopathy, neuroendocrine tumor, faecolith, and periappendiceal abscess.
Abdominal pain – a common presentation with unusual diagnosis: a case report
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2020
Yeshaswini. P.S. Reddy, Sriviji Senthil Kumaran, Varun Vanka, Asra Rab, Viren Patel
Enterobius vermicularis is a parasitic infection prevalent in tropical countries and is transmitted by faeco-oral ingestion of contaminated food and water with the parasitic egg [2,5]. Patients with this infection are usually asymptomatic but may experience nocturnal anal pruritis [2]. These parasites usually affect the lumen of the appendix mimicking acute appendicitis and are diagnosed on histopathology findings [2,5].