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Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Scabies is an ectoparasitic infestation caused by the human itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, for which humans are the only host in which replication can occur. Animal mites can infest human skin temporarily, but cannot replicate in humans and thus their infestation is self-limited. Adult female mites make characteristic serpentine burrows into the skin, usually between fingers and around the wrist in humans, where they lay 2 to 3 eggs per day as the burrow lengthens (61). Eggs hatch in 3 to 4 days to form larvae, which exit the serpentine burrow to dig a shallow molting pouch. Larvae develop into nymphs and then adults within 10 to 14 days inside the molting pouch. Adult male mites leave their molting pouch to burrow into the molting pouch of an adult female mite in order to fertilize the female who then continues to be fertile the remaining month of her life. Once impregnated, the adult female mite leaves the molting pouch to find a site to begin her own serpentine burrow and egg deposition, thus restarting the life cycle.
Essential Oils Used in Veterinary Medicine
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
K. Can Başer Hüsnü, Chlodwig Franz
There is a patent (U.S. Patent 6,800,294) on an antiparasitic formulation comprising eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus), cajeput oil (Melaleuca cajuputi), lemongrass oil, clove bud oil (S. aromaticum), peppermint oil (M. piperita), piperonyl, and piperonyl butoxide. The formulation can be used for treating an animal body, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating ectoparasitic infestation of an animal, or for repelling parasites.
Parasitoses
Published in Giuseppe Micali, Francesco Lacarrubba, Dermatoscopy in Clinical Practice, 2018
Maria Rita Nasca, Giuseppe Micali
Humans engaged in outdoor activities or staying in rural areas for professional or recreational purposes may become occasional hosts of this ectoparasitic infestation that is more common in autumn and should be suspected when dealing with subjects at risk (farmers, hunters, children, etc.) showing an itchy eruption. After climbing on the host, larvae usually move rapidly toward moist areas where skin is thinner and feeding is easier, such as the antecubital, axillary, popliteal, and inguinal grooves. They do not dig burrows but attach to the skin, more often settling on covered areas where clothes fit tightly, including the waist. Attachment itself is usually uneventful, but the injection of lytic enzymes through the feeding apparatus (stylosome) that follows a few hours later causes intense itch and onset of tiny spots of erythema on the affected areas. Scratching may easily cause detachment of the mite, which will not be able to attach again to the skin afterward. However, persistence of parts of the stylosome in the skin causes long-lasting pruritus, due to an immune inflammatory response, that subsides only several days later when the mite remnants are discarded through the skin. Pruritic wheals or papules usually ensue in previously sensitized individuals (Figure 8.1). Scratching marks and superinfection also frequently occur.3–4
Myiasis infestation superimposed on pacemaker infection
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2020
Neiberg de Alcantara Lima, Stela Maria Vitorino Sampaio, Francisco Marcelo Sobreira Filho, Danielli Oliveira da Costa Lino, Ricardo Lessa de Castro, Anandbir Bath, Carol Cavalcante de Vasconcelos Lima, Richard R Roach
Myiasis is an ectoparasitic infestation of necrotic tissues by the dipterous larvae of higher flies. Larval maggots infest external orificies or open wounds causing cavitary and wound myiasis. In developed countries, wound myiasis is often a sign of neglected hygiene and wound management. Treatment involves larvae removal and antibiotics for associated bacterial infection.