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Manufacturing arthropod and mammalian allergen extracts
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Enrique Fernández-Caldas, Eva Abel Fernández, Jonathan Kilimajer, Seong H. Cho
The allergenicity of house dust has been known for many years. However, it was not until the mid-1960s that it became clear that house dust mites were the main source of house dust mite allergens [22]. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae are considered the most important house dust mite species and have a global distribution. The allergenicity of other species, such as Blomia tropicalis, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, has also been demonstrated. Extracts of these species are also commercially available in many countries. It is now firmly established that D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae are some of the most important sources of clinically relevant allergens worldwide. The material harvested from large-scale cultures is used to prepare mite extracts for diagnosis and immunotherapy of mite-allergic individuals. Kilogram quantities of mite cultures are harvested yearly, and millions of individuals are diagnosed with allergen extracts and treated with mite vaccines worldwide.
Eosinophil Membrane Receptors: Function of IgE- and IgA-Binding Molecules
Published in Gerald J. Gleich, A. Barry Kay, Eosinophils in Allergy and Inflammation, 2019
Monique Capron, Marie-José Truong, Pierre Desreumaux, Bouchaïb Lamkhioued, Margherita Tomassini, André Capron
Eosinophils isolated from allergic patients were incubated with the specific allergens (Dactylis glomerata or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). Eosinophils from nonallergic patients with hypereosinophilia were tested in the same conditions and the release of EPO evaluated. Only eosinophils isolated from allergic patients released significant amounts of EPO after stimulation with the specific allergen. To investigate the specificity of allergen-induced EPO release, eosinophils from allergic patients were incubated with unrelated allergen; no EPO release was observed in such experiments. In the same groups of patients, EPO release was measured after the addition of antihuman IgE antibodies. Similarly to stimulation with allergen, eosinophils from allergic patients released higher levels of EPO than eosinophils from nonallergic patients. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between EPO release induced by allergen and by antihuman IgE MAb (r = 0.93; p < 0.001), suggesting the participation of surface IgE in this mechanism of release. ECP was measured by a radioimmunoassay in aliquots of the same samples assayed for EPO. In none of the allergic patients did the addition of the specific allergen or antihuman IgE induce a significant release of ECP. A similar comparison between EPO and ECP release after stimulation with anti-IgE antibodies in a total of 16 patients revealed the absence of correlation between EPO and ECP release.
Conditioned Allergic Rhinitis: A Model For Central Nervous System And Immune System Interaction In Ige-Mediated Allergic Reactions
Published in Husband Alan J., Behaviour and Immunity, 2019
M. Gauci, A.J. Husband, M.G. King
An exclusion criteria list was completed for each subject which ascertained whether any recent medication was likely to affect immune responses. Skin prick tests were performed using standard allergen solutions (neat) to mold mix #4, grass mix #7 , and house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. faunae (all from Miles Inc., Elkhart, Indiana) as well as positive and negative control solutions (histamine [lmg/ml] and phosphate buffered saline [PBS] respectively). The diameters of the resulting indurations at the site of each allergen application were recorded. The novel flavoured drink was prepared daily by combining soda water, methyl anthranylate, benzaldehyde and methyl salicylate in the ratios 44 : 8 : 2 : 1 (400 ml per subject per session). Nasal allergen challenges were performed using the identical allergen solutions used in skin prick tests, sterile filtered and diluted 1:100 with PBS. Symptoms of AR were recorded on subjective symptom score sheets (SSS) before and after nasal challenge. Nasal washings (NW) were collected in sterile 50 ml containers in sterile normal saline (NS). TE activity from NW was measured using the technique described by Naclerio et al.30
Allergy to Der p 23 influences the cytokine profile in patients with allergic asthma – a preliminary study
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Andrzej Bożek, Jolanta Zalejska Fiolka, Zenon Czuba, Martyna Miodońska, Renata Kozłowska
However, despite the focus on the molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma, many other factors significantly influence the course of the disease. These factors include environmental allergens, particularly house dust mites, which cause allergies to various profiles of their allergenic components. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is an essential allergen in many areas of the world and is responsible for many cases of perennial allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma (6). Molecular diagnosis confirms the presence of more than 30 known house dust mite (HDM) allergens, with Der p1, Der p2, Der f1 and Der p 23 being the most frequently analyzed (7,8). In particular, Der p 23 is of interest and has been associated with a greater predisposition toward asthma (9,10). A peritrophin-like protein, Der p 23 is present in approximately 70–75% of patients with allergies to D. pteronyssinus extract (11).
Outdoor air pollutants exposure associated with pulmonary function and EBC pH value in atopic asthmatic and non-asthmatic children
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2021
Kuo-Wei Yeh, Chi-Tsung Chen, Pei-Chen Lee, Jing-Long Huang, Dah-Chin Yan, Li-Chen Chen, Syh-Jae Lin, Tsung-Chieh Yao, Chih-Da Wu, Gwo-Hwa Wan
The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level, an indicator of airway inflammation, is associated with personal characteristics and environmental factors. Higher FeNO levels were found in asthmatic children than in healthy children (12,13), and asthmatic children treated with steroids had lower FeNO levels than asthmatic children without steroid treatment (14). A previous study indicated that outdoor O3 concentration was associated with the FeNO level in asthmatic children (8). However, no relationship between daily maximum 8-h O3 exposure (range 1.1 − 56.4 ppb) and the level of FeNO was found in asthmatic children (11). Similar results also found in a French study (10). Additionally, the predominant house dust mite species include Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (15). The Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1) allergen is prevalent for dust mite allergy (16). The highest level of Der p 1 allergen was found on the tops of mattresses in the homes of asthmatic children in the US (17) and Taiwan (18). Also, Der p 1 allergen was detected on the floors of kitchens and bedrooms in the homes of asthmatic children (17–19). Moreover, the FeNO level of asthmatic children was positively associated with the Der p 1 concentration in homes and schools (20).
Augmented angiogenic transcription factor, SOX18, is associated with asthma exacerbation
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2021
Jisu Hong, Pureun-Haneul Lee, Yun-Gi Lee, George D. Leikauf, An-Soo Jang
Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HMVEC-L) and normal human bronchial primary epithelial cells (NHBE) and were purchased from Lonza (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland, cat#. CC-2527 and CC-2540, respectively). HMVEC-L cells were plated at 5000 cells/cm2 in T75 flasks in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium supplemented with the EGM-2 BulletKit™ (Endothelial Cell Growth Medium-2) (Lonza, cat#: CC-3162) and cultured at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 incubator. NHBE cells were plated at 3500 cells/cm2 in T75 flasks in bronchial epithelial cell growth medium supplemented with the BEGM BulletKit™ (Bronchial Epithelial Cell Growth Medium) (Lonza, cat#: CC-3170), The medium was changed every 48 h, and the cells were grown to 80–90% confluence for 5 to 6 days. HMVEC-L and NHBE cells with density 1.0 × 106 cells/ml were seeded on in 6-well plate with medium. Prior (24 h) to each test, the medium was changed to basal medium, and cells were treated with 10 μg/mL house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus product 1 (Der p1).