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Eosinophils in Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Published in Devendra K. Agrawal, Robert G. Townley, Inflammatory Cells and Mediators in Bronchial Asthma, 2020
Sohei Makino, Takeshi Fukuda, Shinji Motojima, Tatsuo Yukawa
Fukuda et al.32 examined the release of PAF from antigen-stimulated basophils by using the Boyden chamber. Eosinophils and basophils were obtained from patients with asthma who were sensitive to Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) antigen. Basophil-containing suspensions were placed in the lower compartment of a modified Boyden chamber, with or without DF antigen. In this assay system, when DF antigen was added to the basophil-containing suspension, migration of eosinophils occurred. The treatment of eosinophils with CV3988 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the antigen-stimulation-specific migration of eosinophils.
Indications for and preparing and administering subcutaneous allergen vaccines
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
House dust mites. The house dust mites, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, are strongly cross-reactive [60]. A mix of both major species is probably best employed if both are locally important.
Mites
Published in Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard, The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard
Several species of mites have been reported from house dust, but only three are major sources of mite allergens and thus medically important: Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Euroglyphus maynei. Since the mid-1960s, considerable research on house dust allergy has revealed that both D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae (the most familiar house dust mites) possess powerful allergens in the mites themselves, as well as in their secretions and excreta. The fecal pellets are especially allergenic. Although dust mites are harmless in that they do not sting or bite, a considerable amount of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and childhood eczema is attributable to their presence in the human environment.44 Some studies have investigated the link between house dust mite allergens and atopic dermatitis.45
Outdoor air pollutants exposure associated with pulmonary function and EBC pH value in atopic asthmatic and non-asthmatic children
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2021
Kuo-Wei Yeh, Chi-Tsung Chen, Pei-Chen Lee, Jing-Long Huang, Dah-Chin Yan, Li-Chen Chen, Syh-Jae Lin, Tsung-Chieh Yao, Chih-Da Wu, Gwo-Hwa Wan
The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level, an indicator of airway inflammation, is associated with personal characteristics and environmental factors. Higher FeNO levels were found in asthmatic children than in healthy children (12,13), and asthmatic children treated with steroids had lower FeNO levels than asthmatic children without steroid treatment (14). A previous study indicated that outdoor O3 concentration was associated with the FeNO level in asthmatic children (8). However, no relationship between daily maximum 8-h O3 exposure (range 1.1 − 56.4 ppb) and the level of FeNO was found in asthmatic children (11). Similar results also found in a French study (10). Additionally, the predominant house dust mite species include Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (15). The Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1) allergen is prevalent for dust mite allergy (16). The highest level of Der p 1 allergen was found on the tops of mattresses in the homes of asthmatic children in the US (17) and Taiwan (18). Also, Der p 1 allergen was detected on the floors of kitchens and bedrooms in the homes of asthmatic children (17–19). Moreover, the FeNO level of asthmatic children was positively associated with the Der p 1 concentration in homes and schools (20).
A compromised developmental trajectory of the infant gut microbiome and metabolome in atopic eczema
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Le Duc Huy Ta, James Chun Yip Chan, Gaik Chin Yap, Rikky W. Purbojati, Daniela I. Drautz-Moses, Yanqing Michelle Koh, Carina Jing Xuan Tay, Chiung-Hui Huang, Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh, Jia Yun Woon, Elizabeth Huiwen Tham, Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo, Lynette P.C. Shek, Neerja Karnani, Anne Goh, Hugo P.S. Van Bever, Oon Hoe Teoh, Yiong Huak Chan, Christophe Lay, Jan Knol, Fabian Yap, Kok Hian Tan, Yap-Seng Chong, Keith M. Godfrey, Staffan Kjelleberg, Stephan C. Schuster, Eric Chun Yong Chan, Bee Wah Lee
Allergen sensitization was assessed through skin prick testing (SPT) to aeroallergens (house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, and Blomia tropicalis) and to food allergens (egg, peanut and cow’s milk) at the 18- and 36-month visits. These are the most common aeroallergens and food allergens in sensitized Singaporean children.64 All skin prick extracts were obtained from Greer Laboratories (Lenoir, NC, USA), except for B. tropicalis, which was obtained from our in-house laboratory. B. tropicalis extract was prepared as previously described.65 A wheal of at least 3 mm was defined as a positive SPT and a child was considered as SPT-positive (allergen-sensitized) if any one or more of the individual tests were positive with a positive reaction to histamine (positive control) and negative reaction to saline (negative control).
FeNO level and allergy status among school children in Terengganu, Malaysia
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2020
Aminnuddin Ma'pol, Jamal Hisham Hashim, Dan Norbäck, Gunilla Weislander, Zailina Hashim, Zaleha Md Isa
Demographic data, characteristics, and FeNO level among students are shown in Table 1. A total of 487 students (76.1%) completed the questionnaire, 370 (57.8%) managed to obtained written consent to performed skin prick testing and 365 (57.0%) of them managed to produce an acceptable FeNO reading. Students with elevated FeNO level were 140 (38.4%), while 82 (23.0%) had clinical allergy to both HDM and cat with increased FeNO (>20 ppb) level. Majority (99.0%) were Malays; 182 (37.4%) were male and half of them went to school in urban areas. There were only 18 current smokers (3.7%) but 260 (53.4%) reported exposure to cigarette smoke at home (ETS). Prevalence of overweight or obesity was 17.1%. The geometric mean FeNO for all subjects was 16.7 ppb with ±2.0 ppb GSD. Prevalence of asthma and having asthma diagnosed by a certified medical doctor was 11.1% and 8.4%, respectively. Majority had allergy to house dust mites allergens (HDM), namely Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1) 34.3% and Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 1) 32.7% (Table 2). Prevalence of allergy to HDM or cat was 40.3% (145). Calculated sensitivity and specificity for reported cat allergy were 12.5% and 95.5%, respectively.