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Use of Essential Oils in Agriculture
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Catherine Regnault-Roger, Susanne Hemetsberger, Gerhard Buchbauer
Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) also grows in the Mediterranean area. Parts used are partial dried or fresh aerial parts. The main components are “available for broad-spectrum insect control in organic farming” (Dayan et al., 2009). The EO was tested against Bemisia tabaci and caused its death (Aslan et al., 2004). T. vulgaris EO also showed toxicity against Dermanyssus gallinae, a pathogenic mite on hens (George et al., 2009a, 2010; Ghrabi-Gammar et al., 2009). It also caused high mortality in Tenebrio molitor (George et al., 2009b) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Kim et al., 2003a,b). The EO of Thymus herba-barona Loisel was microencapsulated and tested on Limantria dispar, on which it caused mortality (Moretti et al., 2002).
Mites
Published in Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard, The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard
Ornithonyssus sylviarum also is similar in appearance to the tropical rat mite but has a much shorter sternal plate (Figure 24.10). This plate has only four setae; the setae on the dorsal plate are quite short. The northern fowl mite is a pest of domestic fowl, pigeons, sparrows, and starlings. The species overwinters in bird nests or cracks and crevices of buildings. Unlike the chicken mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, the northern fowl mite spends its entire life on the host. In poultry houses, the mites are usually only found on the birds, but they have been found on eggs and cage litter. Northern fowl mites cannot survive more than a month or so in the absence of their poultry hosts. The northern fowl mite occurs in temperate regions worldwide.
How Can We Sustain the Demand for Eggs?
Published in Joyce D’Silva, John Webster, The Meat Crisis, 2017
Claire A. Weeks, Ian J. H. Duncan
The welfare disadvantages of barn systems are that the presence of a loose substrate, essential for foraging and dust-bathing, can lead to high levels of ammonia and dust (Appleby et al., 1988), which may lead to respiratory problems in both hens and humans. The group size in barn systems is often several thousands of hens. This is much larger than the group size of 50–100 hens for which there is some indication of preference (Lindberg and Nicol, 1993, 1996). However, there is also evidence that hens in very large groups (3,000–16,000) can be very calm and non-aggressive (Whay et al., 2007). Average levels of feather pecking and cannibalism and of mortality are higher than in cages. There is also a small risk of infection with internal parasites, but this is lower than in birds on free range. A considerable problem is the risk of Red Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation. Not only does this parasite pose a welfare risk through the direct effect of blood loss, but it is also being implicated as a vector of other diseases (De Luna et al., 2008). Currently there is an international effort to seek a solution to this problem (Mul et al., 2009).
Pursuit of proteomic excellence and the excitement in Košice, Slovakia, at the 11th Central and Eastern European Proteomic Conference (CEEPC)
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2018
Suresh Gadher, Mangesh Bhide, Hana Kovarova
Gustavo Makert (Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Immunology, Vaccine Technologies Unit, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany) presented an interesting talk on vaccine development for the control of the ectoparasite Dermanyssus gallinae: a potential vector of pathogenic agents. Dermanyssus gallinae causes devastation in poultry farming worldwide and several strategies to control this parasite have failed. Gustavo discussed a solution where mite protein extracts could be used to immunize hens with two different adjuvants followed by IgY isolation from eggs to test for mite mortality in an in vitro feeding assay. Complete protein sequences can then be deduced from genomic and transcriptomic assemblies derived from high-throughput sequencing of total DNA and RNA. The results showed that such a strategy could help develop a vaccine against Dermanyssus gallinae.