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Normal Brain Development and Congenital Malformations
Published in Swati Goyal, Neuroradiology, 2020
An organization/migration abnormality of the cortex of the perisylvian region, with multiple, anomalous, small convolutions and very few sulci – polymicrogyria. It usually occurs due to an in utero insult during the 5th or 6th month of pregnancy, and may be associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. The unilateral disease is a less severe form of its bilateral counterpart.
EMQ Answers
Published in Justin C. Konje, Complete Revision Guide for MRCOG Part 2, 2019
D CytomegalovirusFeatures of CMV infection in utero include IUGR (often symmetrical and early onset), cerebral ventriculomegaly, microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, ascites/pleural effusion, hydrops fetalis, oligohydramnios/polyhydramnios, hyperechogenic bowel and liver calcification. (Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Update on Treatment. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Scientific Impact Paper No. 56, November 2017)
Paediatric Neurology
Published in John W. Scadding, Nicholas A. Losseff, Clinical Neurology, 2011
Interference with the process of neuronal migration may occur as a consequence of an infective or vascular insult in pregnancy (see Figures 28.4 and 28.5). Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in particular may manifest as a combination of calcification and abnormal gyral pattern, such as pachygyria. However, a significant proportion of these disorders are now recognized to have a genetic basis, with a spectrum of severity from the most severe lissencephaly to subtle band or focal heterotopias.
Reading comprehension skill in English as a second language of Japanese middle school students with cochlear implants
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2023
Kyoko Shirai, Atsushi Kawano, Yoko Ohta, Kiyoaki Tsukahara
A total of 40 subjects (25 males and 15 females) completed the test, of whom 23 were enrolled in a regular school and 17 in a special support school for the hearing impaired. All of the 23 students enrolled in regular school were auditory oral communication users. Of the 17 special support-school pupils, seven were auditory oral communicators, and 10 were bimodal communicators (Table 2). Sixteen subjects were seventh graders, 21 were eighth graders, and three were ninth graders. The hearing loss was congenital in 38 subjects and acquired before the age of 2 due to meningitis in two subjects. The cause of congenital hearing loss was hereditary in six subjects, inner ear malformation in two, Waardenburg’s syndrome in one, congenital cytomegalovirus infection in one, and unknown in 28. Four of the subjects with congenital hearing loss had progressive hearing loss, and all four started wearing hearing aids before the age of 3 and progressed to severe bilateral hearing loss before the age of 4. The pure tone threshold with CIs was 25.9 dBHL on average (σ, 6.4; range, 15.0–46.0). Average word recognition score was 80.2% (σ, 24.0; range, 0–100). The average age at CI was 4.4 years (σ, 1.8; range, 2.0–10.0). The average length of CI use was 9.7 years (σ, 2.0; range, 4.5–13.0) (Table 2).
Identification of congenital CMV cases in administrative databases and implications for monitoring prevalence, healthcare utilization, and costs
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021
Scott D. Grosse, Jessica Leung, Tatiana M. Lanzieri
This scoping review used the PubMed database to identify published studies that used billing diagnosis codes for cCMV in administrative healthcare databases. The two major types of administrative healthcare data sources are hospital discharge databases and health insurance claims or encounters databases using reporting forms developed for billing purposes. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th and 10th Revisions, Clinical Modification (CM) codes for “congenital cytomegalovirus infection” are 771.1 and P35.1, and for “cytomegaloviral disease”, independent of age of diagnosis, are 078.5 and B25, respectively. Since 1 October 2015, US healthcare systems have used ICD-10-CM codes to bill payers and record encounters; prior to that date ICD-9-CM codes were used. Our selection criteria were analyses of data collected routinely by healthcare systems and not for the purposes of research or surveillance of disease in which these ICD-9/10 diagnosis codes were used to identify presumed cases of cCMV infection or disease or associated clinical encounters.
Interventions for developmental delays in children born to HIV-infected mothers: a systematic review
Published in AIDS Care, 2019
Megan Song McHenry, Carole Ian McAteer, Eren Oyungu, Andrew Roland Deathe, Rachel Christine Vreeman
The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) have either a HIV-infected or – exposed population; (2) only include children <18 years of age; (3) have an intervention; (4) use a standardized neuropsychological instrument with reported results. Studies were excluded if their entire population had a significant confounding factor, such as hemophilia or congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Studies were also excluded if the only intervention was antiretroviral therapy. Review articles, published abstracts without full-text publications, and case study reports containing <10 participants were excluded. Although our search strategy specified English language articles, a few non-English articles were included in our initial search results and they were included for evaluation. We did not exclude published theses that otherwise met inclusion criteria.