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Flies (That Might Cause Myiasis)
Published in Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard, The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard
Adult Chrysomya bezziana are green to blue in color and have the base of the stem vein (radius) ciliate above, but they have at most only two narrow longitudinal thoracic stripes (see box and Figure 21.5A). They are approximately 8–12 mm long. Full-grown Chrysomya bezziana larvae have the usual 12 segments with belts of dark spines encircling them (see Figure 21.5B). Adult Cochliomyia hominivorax are bluish-green, medium-sized flies with a yellowish-orange face and three dark stripes on the thorax (see Figure 21.5C). The base of the stem vein (radius) bears a row of bristlelike hairs on the dorsal side. Full-grown larvae are about 2 cm long, appear pinkish in color, and have prominent rings of spines around the body (see Figure 21.5D).
Bacterial and parasitic infections
Published in Aimilios Lallas, Enzo Errichetti, Dimitrios Ioannides, Dermoscopy in General Dermatology, 2018
Ignacio Gómez Martín, Balachandra Suryakant Ankad, Enzo Errichetti, Aimilios Lallas, Dimitrios Ioannides, Pedro Zaballos
Cutaneous myiasis is a worldwide infestation of the skin by fly larvae (maggots) of a variety of fly species within the arthropod order Diptera.40 The two main clinical types are furuncular myasis (most commonly due to Dermatobia hominis and Cordylobia anthropophaga) and wound myiasis (most commonly due to Cochliomyia hominivorax and Chrysoma bezziana).40 Predisposing factors for wound myiasis include open wounds and poor socioeconomic and hygienic conditions.40
Assessment of combining biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Bacillus thuringiensis and gamma irradiation for controlling Pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Ahlam Gabarty, Afaf Abas, Hedaya M. Salem, Sawsan M. El-Sonbaty, Doaa S. Farghaly, Heba A. Awad
The production of sterile insects (SIT) is one of the main applications of ionizing radiations in Entomology. Our results revealed that the sterility index reached 74.1% when males were irradiated with 291 Gy crossed with non- irradiated females of P. gossypiella. A.S. Serebrovskii at the USSR, F.L. Vanderplank at Tanzania, and E.F. Knipling from the United States (Klassen and Curtis 2005) set the rule of releasing insects of the same species to introduce sterility into wild populations in the 1930s. Knipling and colleagues at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) exploited Muller’s discovery that ionizing radiation could induce dominant lethal mutations, and their studies continued despite the tribulations during the World War II resulted in an approach that was applied to eradicate the New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, from the United States and Central America (Knipling 1955, 1959; Lindquist et al. 1993; Klassen and Curtis 2005). Radiobiological studies have been conducted on more than 30 lepidopteran species and two SIT programs are still operational. Since 1968, the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders, has been excluded from the San Joaquin Valley, USA, by a containment program (Walters et al. 2012) (http://www.cotton.org/tech/pest/bollworm/index.cfm), which releases adults that emerge from pupae irradiated with 100–150 Gy at the rearing facility in Phoenix, Arizona.
Impact of gamma irradiation on the development and reproduction of Culex pipiens (Diptera; Culicidae)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
In mosquitoes, irradiation of the pupal and the adult stage is possible. Pupal irradiation is much easier to handle (Andreasen and Curtis 2005). According to Knipling (1955) and LaChance (1967), insect exposure to ionizing radiation causes sterilization through induced dominant lethal mutations in spermatozoa resulted in embryonic mortality. This technique was a successful control device for suppressing and combating many dipterous flies including Anopheles albimanus (Weidhaas et al. 1974), the screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Klassen and Curtis 2005), Aedes aegypti (Harris et al. 2012), Ae. polynesiensis (O’Connor et al. 2012), Ae. albopictus (Bellini et al. 2013) and C. pipiens (Hassan et al. 2017). Sterility technique also used for suppressing many insect pests, such as the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Krafsur 1998) and Agrotis ipsilon (Salem et al. 2014). However, only scattered information on the effects of irradiation on the females’ reproductive organs in mosquitoes are available.
Oxitec and MosquitoMate in the United States: lessons for the future of gene drive mosquito control
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2021
Cynthia E. Schairer, James Najera, Anthony A. James, Omar S. Akbari, Cinnamon S. Bloss
Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a long-used method for pest control that relies on the wide release of insects that have been rendered impotent, usually through radiation. SIT has been remarkably effective for other types of pests. For example, the screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) has been effectively controlled in North America for decades using SIT [3]. In mosquitoes, SIT systems focus on creating sterile males because male mosquitoes do not feed on blood and therefore can be released. However, SIT has limited effectiveness in mosquitoes because irradiated males often struggle to mate, thus imposing a high fitness cost. Therefore, scientists have sought new ways to create sterile males.