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Bacteriophage Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Interestingly, we have not identified the presence of PrDs within the phages of other bacteria, such as Borrelia spp., Treponema spp., Chlamydophila spp. and others, like E. coli, found in the cerebrospinal fluid and brains of Alzheimer’s patients.45 However, both bacteriophages and the brain microbiome are poorly explored, with a high number of currently unknown species. Therefore, these results could be revisited with the possibility of identifying additional PrDs in other currently unknown bacterial phages found in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Sparfloxacin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Sparfloxacin is 4-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, and 5- to 6-fold more active than erythromycin, against Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Baquero and Canton, 1996; Hammerschlag et al., 1992; Kimura et al., 1993; Roblin et al., 1994). Sparfloxacin has good activity (MIC50 0.03 μg/ml) against Chlamydophila psittaci, and is more active than tosufloxacin, lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, enoxacin, or norfloxacin against Chlamydia trachomatis (Nakamura et al., 1989; Nakata et al., 1992; Perea et al., 1996).
Drug screening of rhodanine derivatives for antibacterial activity
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Suresh Maddila, Sridevi Gorle, Sreekantha B Jonnalagadda
Bacterial infections are a serious health risk and these include clinically acquired ones. The alarming increase in these types of infections has imposed a severe challenge on healthcare organizations to develop new and more effective drugs for their treatment [1–3]. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria cause many of these infections [4]. Generally, the pathogens in medicinal settings are gram-positive bacteria, which include Staphylococcus epidermidis/S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae/S. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus/S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis/E. faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium/E. faecium. The gram-negative bacteria are Escherichia coli/E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa/P. aeruginosa, Chlamydophila pneumonia/C. pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia/M. pneumonia, and Legionella pneumophila/L. pneumophila among others, which are proficient in triggering severe deadly toxicities [5–8].
Chlamydophila psittaci pneumonia associated to exposure to fulmar birds (Fulmaris glacialis) in the Faroe Islands
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2018
Marian Elsubeth Fossádal, Mansour Grand, Shahin Gaini
The fourth patient was a 55 years old man without any known diseases. He had been complaining of body and muscle aches and poor appetite for several days. He was admitted 19 September 2017 to the National Hospital Faroe Islands with high fever, some confusion and trouble standing up. There was some cough, but not productive. From the start atypical pneumonia was suspected since the bird catching season was just over, and the patient was an active fulmar hunter. He was initially treated with iv. benzylpenicillin and oral doxycycline from the day of admission. The CRP rose within the first 24 hours from 239 mg/l to 274 mg/l. Chest X-ray showed a small right sided apical nodule. A chest CT scan confirmed right-sided basal pneumonia. After 36 hours of treatment, the patient was improving. He was almost in his habitual condition after 72 hours of treatment and he was discharged with oral doxycycline for an additional 14 days of treatment. Serology showed a significant increase in Chlamydophila psittaci IgG antibodies in plasma (from <100 to 1600) (SSI). The patient was seen in the out-patient clinic six weeks later. He was then his habitual state and chest X-ray and CT thorax had normalized. This patient had hunted and cleaned juvenile fulmars 2 weeks before onset of symptoms in August 2017. He had noticed several sick birds on the boat trip, but usually hunters do not catch visibly sick fulmar birds.
Quinazoline and quinazolinone as important medicinal scaffolds: a comparative patent review (2011–2016)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Abdul Hameed, Mariya Al-Rashida, Maliha Uroos, Syed Abid Ali, Marium Ishtiaq, Khalid Mohammed Khan
The antibacterial potential of quinazolines and quinazolinones has been enormously explored. Chlamydiae belong to the chlamydiaceae family (order chlamydiales) that includes two genera: chlamydia and chlamydophila. Mammalian pathogenic bacteria from chlamydiales order include Chlamydia trachomatis, which is responsible for diseases such as ocular and lung infections, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Chlamydophila peuumonia is responsible for causing pneumonia while chlamydia is also responsible for reactive arthritis infections of urogenital tract causing prostatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and increased risk of ectopic pregnancy or infertility in women [9]. Although antibiotic resistance is considered rare for Chlamydia trachomatis, it is widespread in several sexually transmitted bacteria, e.g. Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Mycoplasm genitallium. The rapid spread of azithromycin resistance among these bacteria has been attributed to the frequent treatment of patients with chlamydial infection with this antibiotic. Hence, discovery of new compounds to overcome bacterial resistance is of utmost importance. Structures of some of the quinozalinone-based compounds active as anti-chlamydial compounds bearing thiol and thiazole substituents are shown in Figure 4, Scheme 1 [10].