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Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Published in Stephen M. Cohn, Alan Lisbon, Stephen Heard, 50 Landmark Papers, 2021
Emily M. Ramasra, Richard T. Ellison
Catheterization of the bladder has been practiced for many years, with the well-known Foley catheter being developed in the 1930s. Infections and fever in the setting of indwelling urinary tract catheterization have long been recognized and are now known as catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) which remain an ongoing challenge and concern [1].
Catechol-modified chitosan hydrogel containing PLGA microspheres loaded with triclosan and chlorhexidine: a sustained-release antibacterial system for urinary catheters
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Chengxiong Lin, Zhengyu Huang, Tingting Wu, Weikang Xu, Ruifang Zhao, Xinting Zhou, Zhibiao Xu
CAUTI are more common in patients treated with urethral catheterization on a long-term basis, where IUC work for weeks or months at a time (Sorbye et al. 2005; Buckley and Lapitan 2009). It mainly occurs as a result of infection by the urease-producing bacteria, such as Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus, which colonize on the catheter surface, form extensive biofilm communities and prompt precipitation of polyvalent ions and carbonate-apatite (Milo et al. 2016, 2017). In addition, extensive abrasive crystalline biofilm encrusts catheter surfaces and eventually blocks urine flow (Holling et al. 2014). Catheter obstruction can cause painful urine retention, reflux of infected urine to the kidneys, as well as severe kidney infection and septicemia (Stickler 2008). Despite the widespread availability of antimicrobial catheters, their effectiveness in avoiding infection even during short-term catheterization is controversial (Morgan et al. 2009; Pickard et al. 2012).
The Feasibility and Safety of No Placement of Urinary Catheter Following Lung Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study With 2,495 Cases
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Yutian Lai, Xin Wang, Kun Zhou, Jianhuan Su, Guowei Che
Another essential issue is postoperative UTI, a common complication for surgical patients, which is involuted to treat with prolonged in hospital stay [22]. CAUTI is one of the most common healthcare-acquired conditions, which is related to adverse outcomes, and negatively affects public safety reporting and reimbursement [23–25]. Urinary catheter dwell time is a significant risk factor for patients presenting CAUTIs, and prompt removal of IUC at the earliest possibility has been a cornerstone for reducing CAUTIs [22]. In the study we presented, we also observed that in the UC group, the incidence of CAUTI was 4.4% (81/1,835), occupying 52.9% (81/153) of patients presenting UTI, indicating that CAUTI was prevalent in thoracic surgery. Moreover, our results showed that the incidence of UTI in the non-UC group was significantly lower than that in the UC group, and multivariable analysis of the risk factors of UTI revealed that absence of urinary catheter was the independent risk factor, thereby implying the contribution of avoiding urinary catheter insertion to decrease of UTI, which may be a critical reason for the implement of not performing urinary catheterization in lung cancer surgery. Meanwhile, multivariable analysis for the risk factors of CAUTI also indicated that advanced age, history of abdominal/pelvic surgery and prolonged surgery time were the independent risk factors, thereby necessitating attention to the prevention of CAUTIs after lung cancer surgery.
Medicinal plants consumption against urinary tract infections: a narrative review of the current evidence
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Efthymios Poulios, Georgios K. Vasios, Evmorfia Psara, Constantinos Giaginis
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered as the most usual bacterial infections, which affect almost 150 million people around the world. They are very common, including infective (e.g. bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal), degenerative, congenital, metabolic, neoplastic, obstructive, and toxic causes [15]. At a clinical point of view, UTIs have currently been classified as uncomplicated or complicated. In fact, uncomplicated UTIs characteristically are distinguished into lower UTIs (cystitis) and upper UTIs (pyelonephritis), influencing individuals who are healthy without any structural or neurological urinary tract irregularities. There are certainly numerous risk factors associated with cystitis, such as female gender, a prior UTI, sexual activity, vaginal infection, diabetes, obesity, and genetic predisposition [16,17,18]. Complicated UTIs are described as UTIs related with factors that compromise of the urinary tract or host defense, including urinary obstruction, urinary retention due to neurological disease, immunosuppression, renal failure and/or transplantation, pregnancy, and presence of foreign bodies such as calculi, indwelling catheters or other drainage devices. Catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) have been related with enhanced unhealthiness and death rate, being cooperatively the most communal reason for secondary bloodstream infections. Among the most common risk factors for developing a CAUTI comprise of extended catheterization, female gender, older age, and diabetes history [19].