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Staphylococcus aureus
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Complicated bloodstream infection is defined as persistent positive blood cultures or fever after 72 hours, persistent source of infection or signs of systemic dissemination, for example septic emboli to skin or other organs.
Trichosporon
Published in Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Pocket Guide to Mycological Diagnosis, 2019
João Nobrega de Almeida Júnior
Patients with disseminated infections may develop fungemia and pulmonary and skin lesions. Two or three sets of blood cultures must be collected for the diagnosis of bloodstream infection, with 8–10 mL of blood in each bottle. T. asahii grows better on aerobic standard blood culture bottles than anaerobic ones, and bottles are flagged positive over 30 hours after incubation on automated incubators (Nawrot et al., 2015). Trichosporon usually colonizes central venous catheters (CVCs), which may be the source of a bloodstream infection episode. Thus, catheter tips or blood cultures from the CVC lumen may be useful for the diagnosis of a CVC-related bloodstream infection.
Role of Bacteria in Blood Infections
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Kannan Balaji, Gnanasekaran JebaMercy, K. Balamurugan
In addition to the pathogens already discussed, there are several other bacteria that are involved in bloodstream infections and sepsis. Some of them are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Haemophilus influenza, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp.
Blood cultures with one venipuncture instead of two: a prospective clinical comparative single-center study including patients in the ICU, haematology, and infectious diseases departments
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Elina Andersson Norlén, Micael Widerström, Anna Lindam, Johanna Olsson, Ulf Ryding
Blood culture is the key diagnostic method for severe infections, sepsis, and septic shock to investigate the presence of bloodstream infections. Blood culture findings are of great value for pathogen identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the selection of appropriate antibiotics. The bacterial concentration in the bloodstream is considerably low; for example, patients with bacteraemia showed a bacterial density between 0.01 and 2 colony-forming units per millilitre of blood [1–3]. The probability of detecting bloodstream infections increases with increasing blood volume. The total blood volume is the most important factor, rather than the number of venipunctures [4,5]. Adequate blood volume to increase the detection rate can be achieved either by increasing the number of venipunctures or by increasing the blood volume from a single venipuncture.
Bloodstream infections and antibiotic resistance patterns: a six-year surveillance study from southern Italy
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2023
F. Foglia, M.T. Della Rocca, C. Melardo, B.M. Nastri, M. Manfredini, F. Montella, A. De Filippis, E. Finamore, Massimiliano Galdiero
Microbial agents that are associated with bloodstream infections may be modified via antibiotic administration and other factors specific to the patients, such as surgical procedures, trauma, or underlying conditions, or by the quality of specimen collection, transport, and culture [19]. In the present study, the bacterial isolates demonstrated varying resistance patterns to antibiotics. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, our study showed decreasing resistance rates for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria during the study period, resistance levels in Campania are decreasing in recent years due to effective antibiotic diagnostic stewardship programs [20]. CoNS, as the predominant pathogens over the 6-year period, showed high resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones but moderate resistance to penicillins. The second predominant Gram-positive pathogen, S. aureus, showed high levels of susceptibility to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins [21]. In contrast, Zang et al. reported high resistance levels of S. aureus to ampicillin, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime in China [22].
Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens associated with septic shock: a review of 120 cases
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2022
Uğur Önal, Deniz Akyol, Merve Mert, Dilşah Başkol, Seichan Chousein Memetali, Gamze Şanlıdağ, Buse Kenanoğlu, Ayşe Uyan-Önal, Günel Quliyeva, Cansu Bulut Avşar, Damla Akdağ, Melike Demir, Hüseyin Aytaç Erdem, Ümit Kahraman, Osman Bozbıyık, Erkin Özgiray, Devrim Bozkurt, Funda Karbek Akarca, Kubilay Demirağ, İlkin Çankayalı, Mehmet Uyar, Feriha Çilli, Bilgin Arda, Tansu Yamazhan, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Meltem Işıkgöz Taşbakan, Hilal Sipahi, Sercan Ulusoy, Oguz Resat Sipahi
The diagnosis of CAP was made based on a history of cough, dyspnea, pleuritic pain, or acute functional or cognitive decline, with abnormal vital signs (e.g. fever and tachycardia), lung examination, and radiological findings [10]. HAP was defined as pneumonia not incubating at the time of hospital admission and occurring 48 h or more after admission, while VAP was defined as pneumonia occurring >48 h after endotracheal intubation [11]. UTI criteria were based on findings as significant bacteriuria in a patient with symptoms or signs attributable to the urinary tract, such as new onset or worsening of fever, rigors, altered mental status, malaise, lethargy with no other identified cause, flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, acute hematuria, and pelvic discomfort and dysuria, urgent or frequent urination, or suprapubic pain or tenderness in those whose catheters had been removed [12]. Bloodstream infection was defined as the positivity of a microbial pathogen in blood culture by virtue of infection, not specimen contamination. Finally, CRBI was defined as bloodstream infection attributed to an intravascular catheter by quantitative culture of the catheter tip or by differences in growth between the catheter and peripheral blood culture specimens [13].