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Diseases of Infancy and Childhood
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Vernix caseosa is a physiologic biofilm that covers the neonatal skin. The appearance of the vernix is creamy, viscous, and thick, with a chalky-white color (Figure 30.1). Vernix is produced by desquamated fetal epithelial cells and sebaceous glands that cover the fetus during the third trimester in utero. It may protect the epidermis from the amniotic fluid while promoting epidermal cornification and stratum corneum formation.
The diagnosis and management of preterm labor with intact membranes
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Roberto Romero, Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa, Francesca Gotsch, Lami Yeo, Ichchha Madan, Sonia S. Hassan
Particulate matter in the amniotic fluid is present in about 4% of pregnancies during transvaginal ultrasound in the first and early second trimesters (414). Particulate matter in the first two trimesters of pregnancy has been associated with intraamniotic bleeding (415,416) and the acrania-anencephaly sequence (417), and has been observed in women with high concentrations of maternal serum α-fetoprotein (418). In contrast, in the last trimester of pregnancy, particulate matter and “echogenic amniotic fluid” have been attributed to the presence of vernix caseosa and/or meconium (419–422), and with a lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio indicative of lung maturity (423,424).
The Chemical Environment
Published in Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson, Work and the Health of Women, 2020
Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson
A Dade County, Fla. study also included analyses of paired maternal and cord blood obtained at the time of delivery.75 Blood from newborns and women during late pregnancy, amniotic fluid, vernix caseosa, and placenta were also obtained. As in other studies, black women had higher blood levels of DDE. Amniotic fluid and cord-blood levels were considerably lower than maternal levels but as the vernix caseosa contained much higher levels of DDE particularly, as well as DDT when compared with the placenta, it was evident that transplacental passage had occurred.
Effect of education on the readiness levels of primigravida women to hygienic care practices of the newborn with the use of QR code
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2022
Sinem Yalnızoğlu Çaka, Nursan Çınar
The educational material called "Guide for the Hygienic Care of the Newborn" was prepared by the researchers in accordance with the literature (AWHONN, 2013; Gözen, 2015; Visscher et al., 2015; WHO, 2015; Düzkaya et al., 2016; Cooke et al., 2018; Beşirik & Şahiner, 2019). The content of this guide consists of the titles of postnatal appearance of the newborn, importance of Vernix Caseosa, skin characteristics and the importance of skin care, and hygienic care of the newborn (eye/ear/nose/mouth/face care, bathing, bottom cleaning and umbilical cord care, hand, foot and nail care and ensuring the hygiene of the baby’s clothes). Four faculty members who are experts in their field, and two expectant mothers who were pregnant and waiting for their first baby were consulted for their opinions determine whether the prepared guide was comprehensible.
Echogenic particles in the amniotic fluid of term low-risk pregnant women: does it have a clinical significance?
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Gul Nihal Buyuk, Z. Asli Oskovi-Kaplan, Serkan Kahyaoglu, Yaprak Engin-Ustun
Term singleton pregnant women (37–42 weeks of gestation) who delivered either vaginally or by caesarean section within 24 h of the ultrasound scan were included in this study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: pregnant women with previous caesarean section or uterine surgery, pregnancies with a non-vertex presentation, pregnancies with indefinite gestational age (absent first-trimester ultrasound or unknown last menstrual period), multiple pregnancies, if delivery was not performed within 24 h of the ultrasound scan, high-risk pregnancies (preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery) and pregnancies complicated by a systemic disease (thrombophilia, hypertension, diabetes, etc.). Clinical characteristics of the patients, amniotic fluid characteristics on ultrasound (anechoic or echogenic), obstetrical results, and the characteristic of the amniotic fluid following the artificial or spontaneous rupture of membranes (clear/vernix/meconium-stained) were recorded. Gestational age was determined due to crown-rump length in the first-trimester ultrasound, if available. In cases when early ultrasound data were not available, gestational age was calculated according to the first day of the last menstrual period. The study group was formed of pregnant women with dense intra-amniotic free-floating particles in a 1–5 mm linear size (Figure 1). Upon inspection of the amniotic fluid following the rupture of membranes, vernix caseosa was considered when white and thick particles were detected. The fluid was considered meconium-stained when greenish, yellow-green, or brown-green particles were present.
Dry skin management: practical approach in light of latest research on skin structure and function
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020
Ehrhardt Proksch, Enzo Berardesca, Laurent Misery, Johan Engblom, Joke Bouwstra
When interpreting new scientific findings, it becomes obvious that there is accumulating evidence that SC lipids play an important role in dry skin conditions. Topical emollients for barrier function recovery should therefore include lipids. From an efficacy point of view, physiological lipids would be the preferred choice. For testing formulations designed for skin barrier repair, a novel ex vivo human model has been recently developed in which the SC is removed by a reproducible stripping technique (29). Using this model, 20 strips of SC were taken from healthy individuals following topical ceramide application. After 20 strips, the ceramide that had been applied was still detectable in the SC. However, in recent studies, it could not be determined whether this is present in furrows or penetrated into the SC (30). The value of physiological lipids has also been demonstrated in studies that used topical formulations which were based on vernix caseosa, a white cheesy film found on the surface of an infant’s skin during gestational delivery. Vernix caseosa contains the three physiological barrier lipids identified in the human skin. A formulation that mimicked the composition of vernix caseosa was applied to ex vivo skin. The fatty acids present in the formulation were shown to intercalate with the endogenous skin barrier lipids and to enhance the fraction of lipids forming an orthorhombic (very dense) packing in the SC (17). Therefore, physiological lipids can make a valuable contribution to emollient preparations.