China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pulp Therapy for Primary Teeth
Published in M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson, Restorative Techniques in Paediatric Dentistry, 2021
M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson
Tooth free of radicular pulpitis. This is established by the following: History—no history of spontaneous or persistent pain. This would imply irreversible pulpitis extending to the radicular tissue.Haemorrhage from amputation site—after removal of coronal pulp, the haemorrhage from the root canal tissue should be pale red and easy to control. Extensive and persistent bleeding implies inflammation of the radicular tissue.
The gastrointestinal system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Sharon J. White, Francis A. Carey
The periapical tissues are the site of a variety of lesions related to the root apices of teeth. The most frequent of these arise from the spread of infection from pulpitis, through the apical foramina of the tooth, to reach the periodontal ligament. This can result in an acute periapical abscess, a very painful condition that may be accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathy and generalized fever and malaise. Pus can track through the adjacent bone and, after the periosteum is breached, a soft-tissue abscess develops and later discharges. More frequently, after low-grade pulpitis, a periapical granuloma develops. This consists of a mass of granulation tissue heavily infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells. There is resorption of the surrounding bone, seen radiologically as a periapical radiolucent lesion (Figure 10.2). Acute exacerbation may result in a secondary acute periapical abscess and, conversely, a periapical granuloma can develop after an acute periapical abscess has pointed and drained. Remnants of odontogenic epithelium that persist in the periradicular tissue after tooth development proliferate within a periapical granuloma, and these give rise to the most common cyst of the jaws, the inflammatory radicular cyst.
Bacterial Infections of the Oral Cavity
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
P. S. Manoharan, Praveen Rajesh
Caries risk-assessment analysis can be performed using a systematic charting that includes dietary history, genetic factors, and other local presentations (Hillman, 2002). Salivary buffer capacity by analyzing the pH of saliva can tell the risk range from high to low. Such analysis can help the clinician understand the nature of the disease and its severity and to develop preventive measures to preserve, prevent, and restore the tooth. Dental caries can progress to pulp and result in pulpal inflammation, which can be either acute or chronic and is based on the symptoms. It can be classified as reversible or irreversible pulpitis based on the nature of symptoms. Irreversible pulpitis needs a root canal. Irreversible pulpitis can progress to spread the infection beyond the tooth to the surrounding bone where it results in periapical abscess. The abscess can consolidate to a granuloma or spread to the surrounding areas and into potential spaces of the face and oral cavity, resulting in serious infection. Sometimes, the abscess can divert its course to the path of least resistance and drain to the oral cavity in the form of a sinus opening. Granuloma can be a chronic presentation or can progress to a cyst with breakdown of the cells and development of lining of the cavity filled with fluid. The cyst related to the tooth is termed a radicular cyst and can either progressively increase in size, expanding to the bone, or can present as a symptomatic painful swelling if it is infected.
Analysis of oral microbiota in non-vital teeth and clinically intact external surface from patients with severe periodontitis using Nanopore sequencing: a case study
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Alessio Buonavoglia, Francesco Pellegrini, Gianvito Lanave, Georgia Diakoudi, Maria Stella Lucente, Fausto Zamparini, Michele Camero, Maria Giovanna Gandolfi, Vito Martella, Carlo Prati
In our study, all the teeth but the control case presented bacteria on the root surface and in the root canal system, demonstrating the possibility of bacteria to spread directly from the periodontal pocket to the root canal system, despite the apical foramen was not reached by periodontal lesion. It is well known that periodontal diseases may determine the exposure of other anatomical communications, over the apical segment, between periodontal tissues and the root canal system, with possible invasion of the root canal system from periodontal bacteria and/or their toxic metabolic products [18]. ‘Retrograde’ pulpitis is an inflammatory pulpal condition caused by response to bacterial invasion and toxic products entering through anatomical communications that became exposed to the oral fluids. Total pulp necrosis is determined when the blood supply to all root canals is interrupted by periodontal disease that involves apical root segment determining a vascular damage and subsequent hypoxia [1].
COVID-19 and oral diseases: Assessing manifestations of a new pathogen in oral infections
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2022
Afsar R. Naqvi, Joel Schwartz, Daniela Atili Brandini, Samantha Schaller, Heba Hussein, Araceli Valverde, Raza Ali Naqvi, Deepak Shukla
Amongst endodontic emergencies, pulpitis- inflammation of dental pulp- is a predominant inflammatory oral infection, which requires immediate emergency dental care [60]. Multiple microbes can degrade protective enamel or infect periapically and result in pulpal and periradicular inflammation and infection. Patients present with severe odontogenic pain and may sometime require immediate dental procedure to mitigate inflammation including root canal treatment. The role of COVID-19 in exacerbating endodontic infection is a matter of debate. Recently, Galicia et al., [57], explored the expression profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in healthy and inflamed human dental pulps [56]. Based on the global transcriptomic analysis, both the SARS-CoV-2 receptors were consistently detected in the dental pulp [57]. However, no significant differences were observed in the expression pattern between healthy control and diseased biopsies. Based on this data, it can be inferred that healthy and inflamed pulp tissues have similar tendency to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 as reported in IBD biopsies and lung tissues [58,59]. This situation suggests more risk to the dental personnel as compared to other health care professional, due to handling of oral secretions and saliva during normal dental therapeutic practices.
Calibration improves observer reliability in detecting periapical pathology on panoramic radiographs
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Dan Sebring, Thomas Kvist, Kåre Buhlin, Peter Jonasson, Henrik Lund
Radiography is an essential tool in many areas of dentistry, not the least in the field of endodontics. Endodontic inflammatory conditions, such as pulpitis and apical periodontitis, do not always exhibit any clinical signs or symptoms. Detection of carious and periapical lesions are both highly dependent on radiographic examination. Intra-oral radiography is the most commonly used method for caries and periapical diagnosis. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has recently become a useful adjunct in certain cases. Compared with intra-oral radiography, panoramic radiography (PR) is of limited value for endodontic diagnosis [1,2] or for detection of approximal caries [3]. Compared with CBCT, an even greater discrepancy is reported [4,5]. However, in the absence of an independent gold standard, the results should be interpreted with caution.