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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Temporal arteritis is an insidious but dangerous autoimmune disease that causes headache, malaise, and localized tenderness over the arteries coursing up the sides of the cranium.105 Pain on chewing may lead to an incorrect diagnosis of TMJ pain. The disease mainly attacks the temporal, cranial, and other carotid branch arteries. The aortic arch and arteries of the upper extremity may also be involved. Venous phlebitis may accompany the arterial inflammation.106 In GCA, NO is generated by macrophages that accumulate in all layers of the inflamed vessel wall.107 It is this excess NO that dilates the skin arterioles near the diseased artery, creating local areas visibly warmer than the background heat of the scalp (Figure 10.40). Thermography is reported to detect this condition without resorting to biopsy of the involved arteries, and the effectiveness of therapy may be followed by serial thermograms.108 Thermographers should promptly warn of the possibility of temporal arteritis on finding warm scalp arteries.
Wound Healing, Ulcers, and Scars
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Saloni Shah, Christian Albornoz, Sherry Yang
Pathophysiology: The development of venous insufficiency begins with obstruction, valve incompetence, and/or elevated hydrostatic pressures within the calves. This results in venous hypertension and dilation of postcapillary venules, which compromises endothelial function. Venous insufficiency creates an environment for transudation, fibrin deposition in perivascular vessels, and extravasation of red blood cells causing hemosiderin deposition. Risk factors include the history of venous thrombosis, phlebitis, leg injury, congestive heart failure, pregnancy, prolonged standing, and varicose veins.
Polyenes for prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections
Published in Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, John R. Perfect, Antifungal Therapy, 2019
For the prevention of select infusion-related reactions, administration of acetaminophen and/or diphenhydramine prior to the infusion may reduce the frequency and/or severity [109]. Pretreatment with corticosteroids in this setting has been described [261] but is less desirable. Heparin has been recommended by some to treat phlebitis, although controlled trials are lacking to support this practice. When possible, use of a central line may assist in reducing phlebitis. Meperidine has been reported to treat the rigors, but is less frequently employed as a prophylactic strategy [262]. Ibuprofen may significantly decrease the reaction [261].
Oral step-down therapy in patients with uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus primary bacteremia and catheter-related bloodstream infections
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2022
Seok Jun Mun, Si-Ho Kim, Kyungmin Huh, Sun Young Cho, Cheol-In Kang, Doo Ryeon Chung, Kyong Ran Peck
Two patients with recurrence were identified in the IAT group. One patient experienced recurrent SAB caused by phlebitis after 85 days from initial positive blood culture. The other patient relapsed with empyema after 25 days from the initial positive blood culture. All-cause 90-day deaths were identified in eight patients (one in OAT and seven in IAT), but none were SAB-related deaths. Rates of treatment failure were 3.2% (1/32) in the OAT group and 12.7% (9/71) in the IAT group, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves of treatment failure showed no significant difference between groups (P = 0.113) (Fig. 2). Otherwise, the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the OAT group compared to the IAT group (median eight and 15 days, P < 0.001). The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was significantly associated with treatment failure in the univariable analysis (Table 3). In the multivariable analysis including MRSA, female, age, metastatic solid cancer, OAT, and CCI, CCI was the only significant risk factor (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.49, P = 0.036). OAT was not significantly associated with treatment failure (aHR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.03–1.73, P = 0.148).
What is the optimal treatment technique for great saphenous vein diameter of ≥10 mm? Comparison of five different approaches
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2021
Emre Kubat, Celal Selçuk Ünal, Onur Geldi, Erdem Çetin, Aydın Keskin
None of the patients undergoing surgery or endovenous treatment experienced major complications including skin burns, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or wound infection. Thrombophlebitis was not observed in the treatment groups. However, phlebitis-like reactions were observed in six (8%) patients with mild symptoms such as itching and erythema in the CAC group due to cyanoacrylate compound. The Pearson chi-square test was performed to investigate whether there was a significant difference in the rates of ecchymosis, paresthesia, and pigmentation among the treatment groups (Table 3). There was a significant difference in the rate of ecchymosis and pigmentation among the treatment groups (p = .02 and p < .001, respectively). However, paresthesia was observed in seven patients (1%) in the study groups and there was no significant difference among the groups (p = .34) (Table 3). Postoperative paresthesia resolved in all of the patients at the end of 3 weeks. None of the patients in the CAC group developed ecchymosis and there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of ecchymosis among the other treatment groups (p = .115). The highest rate of pigmentation was found in the patients receiving EVLA at 980 nm wavelength and, similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of pigmentation among the other treatment groups (p = .421) (Table 3).
The effectiveness of a non-tourniquet procedure on peripheral intravenous catheterization in older patients: A pilot study
Published in Contemporary Nurse, 2020
Funda Büyükyılmaz, Merdiye Şendir, Betül Kuş, Hacer Yaman Güçlü
The phlebitis grade of the non-tourniquet procedure in older patients were be lower than the control group (research hypothesis 4). In our study, the research nurse pulled the skin taut away from the patient with the non-dominant hand, anchoring the vein with the thumb, and then inserting the PIVC without a tourniquet and directly at a 20-degree angle. This intervention procedure provided of inserting PIVC through both walls of the vein without damaging the vessel wall. Phlebitis grade was lower for the experimetal group (non-tourniquet procedure) because this intervention procedure protected vessel wall. There are no clinical studies on this intervention procedure. Furthermore, Uslusoy and Mete (2008) determined that patients’ (N = 355) predisposing factors of phlebitis. The authors concluded that 60–69 years patients had 51.3%, 70 years and above patients’ had 61.7% phlebitis of PIVCs. Also, Pasalioglu and Kaya (2014) determined that nearly half of the adult patients’ PIVCs were removed because of Grade 1 phlebitis scores (41.2%) (Pasalioglu & Kaya, 2014). These results for dwell time and phlebitis scores were similar to our study, but it is clear that these findings cannot be generalized to older individuals.