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Historical Perspectives on Psychoneuroimmunology
Published in Herman Friedman, Thomas W. Klein, Andrea L. Friedman, Psychoneuroimmunology, Stress, and Infection, 2020
Within the field, there have been some minor battles over “turf”, but none has altered the defining theme of the field. The emergence of psychoneuroimmunology has actually broadened some fields of study that were more narrowly defined in the recent past (e.g., papers in psychoneuroimmunology are now solicited for publication in the Journal of Neuroimmunology). “Neuroimmunomodulation” and “neuroendocrinimmunology,” mere mispronunciations of psychoneuroimmunology, seem to have been precipitated to disengage from the study of behavior and/or to more specifically brand the field with one’s own personal or disciplinary irons. Neither label changed the substance of the interdisciplinary research it promoted. (Of course, if you can come up with still another name, you, too, can also come up with another “First Conference on….”)
Understanding Perinatal Mental Health Problems
Published in Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz, Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Research in the field of psycho-neuro-immunology has revealed that depression is associated with inflammation manifested by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines with physical and psychological stressors increasing inflammation (Kendall-Tackett, 2007). Moreover, inflammation explains why psychosocial, behavioural, and physical risk factors increase the risk of depression. This is true for depression in general and for postpartum depression in particular. Pregnant and postnatal women are especially vulnerable to these effects because their levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly increase during the last trimester of pregnancy – a time when they are also at higher risk for depression (Kendall-Tackett, 2007). Further, common experiences of new motherhood, such as sleep disturbance, postpartum pain, and past or current psychological trauma, are stressors that cause proinflammatory cytokine levels to rise. Breastfeeding has a protective effect on maternal mental health because it attenuates stress and modulates the inflammatory response. However, breastfeeding difficulties, such as nipple pain, can increase the risk of depression (Kendall-Tackett, 2007).
Implications Of Psychoimmunology For Models Of The Immune System
Published in Husband Alan J., Behaviour and Immunity, 2019
Roger J. Booth, Kevin R. Ashbridge
Neuroimmunology is revealing extensive interconnections between the immune and neuroendocrine systems in terms of common receptors, shared informational molecules such as cytokines and neuropeptides, as well as autonomic nervous effects on immune function. As a result, the boundaries between the immune system and the nervous system are becoming progressively less distinct. Extending these findings, research with a more psycho-immunological emphasis is uncovering associations between immunological parameters and psychological variables such as behavioural and affective states. Self/non-self discrimination at the molecular level has traditionally been considered a fundamental property of the immune system. In view of the extensive and pervasive nature of the psychoneuroimmune network, we propose that immune processes should be reconsidered in a psychoimmune context. We suggest that psychological, neuroendocrine and immunological processes are so intimately linked that they cannot be understood effectively in isolation but together constitute an irreducible dynamic process of self-determination. The self as defined immunologically and the psychological self are therefore mutually generative domains rather than independent constructs. This hypothesis has important implications for the interpretation of immunological phenomena and for the understanding of disease processes.
Treatment of patients with chronic pruritus of unknown origin with dupilumab
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Jiehyun Jeon, Fang Wang, Asima Badic, Brian S. Kim
New advances in neuroimmunology have revealed that targeting cytokines at the immune-sensory neuron interface represents a novel therapeutic strategy. The first pruritogenic cytokine, IL-31, is now a biologic target for nemolizumab (anti-IL-31RA mAb) in atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis (6,7), and has recently been shown to be elevated in the sera of patients with CPUO (8). In addition to IL-31, recent advances in our understanding of IL-4 and IL-13 and downstream Janus kinase (JAK) on sensory neurons in itch (4) have advanced a paradigm in which JAK inhibitors, in addition to their anti-inflammatory properties, may have neuromodulatory mechanisms of action in itch. Indeed, recent proof-of-concept studies have suggested anti-itch efficacy of both the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib and dupilumab in CPUO (9,10). Thus, the current study lends further support for pharmacologic disruption of cytokine-neural interactions as a potential treatment strategy for CPUO.
Treatment of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical challenges and future perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2021
Dionysis Nikolopoulos, Antonis Fanouriakis, George Bertsias
Despite the recent advent of successful randomized controlled studies of novel therapeutic agents in SLE and lupus nephritis [15,16], relevant data are disappointingly absent in NPSLE as these patients are typically excluded from trials. In fact, the rarity of certain neurological and psychiatric manifestations makes recruitment of a sufficient number of patients particularly challenging. Treatment of NPSLE is also perplexed by the obscure and complex pathophysiology that variably involves ischemic/thrombotic and inflammatory mechanisms, as well as the neuronal response to these insults. Notwithstanding these considerations, in this article, we summarize the existing literature with regard to diagnosis, treatment and outcome focusing on studies published in PubMed during the last 5 years and recommendations issued by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) pertaining to the management of SLE patients who manifest NP syndromes [17,18]. While acknowledging the paucity of high-level evidence, we attempt to introduce practical rules and guidance to facilitate routine clinical practice. We conclude by discussing future perspectives on various NPSLE aspects based on encouraging progress in the fields of neuro-immunology, advanced neuroimaging, biomarkers and novel therapeutic approaches.
Balancing immune tolerance and immune responses
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2020
The central nervous system (CNS) was considered as immunologically less active or an inactive region of the human body. However, recently it has been shown that neuronal cells express various cell surface and intracellular sensors and induces responses upon stimulation with PAMPs. Moreover, it is evident that CNS has subtypes of B and T lymphocytes, which is crucial in immunity, immunopathology during microbial infection, autoimmune diseases, and in noninfectious diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The last article of this issue by Negia et al. discusses the juxtaposition of immunity and the nervous system and its role in diseases.3 This article discusses the B lymphocytes and immunoglobulin biology in the intrathecal region of CNS. This article will be useful to broad readers of neuroimmunology and researchers of fundamentals aspects of infectious, noninfectious neurological diseases or neurological injuries (Figure 1).