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Beta and Alpha Particle Autoradiography
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Anders Örbom, Brian W. Miller, Tom Bäck
A typical example of a preclinical study using phosphor storage plate autoradiography is the 2020 study by Waaijer and colleagues, where they 89Zr-label a bispecific antibody targeting CD3ε on T cells and glypican 3 (GPC3) on tumours. This is given to tumour-bearing mice who are PET-imaged and then sacrificed and tissues collected, embedded and paraffin-sectioned at 4 µm for autoradiography [34]. Another PET and phosphor storage plate autoradiography study was Putzu and colleagues where the cerebral distribution of 18F-FDG was investigated in rats post cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Rather thick, 2 mm, sections were used for autoradiography using a 1 h exposure time [35].
Testicular Cancer
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Selma Masic, Abhishek Srivastava, Alexander Kutikov
Distinguished from embryonal carcinomas with:High background AFPGlypican 3SALL4Absence of OCT3/4, NANOG, and Sox-2
Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Within the mammalian genome, six glypican genes (GPC1-GPC6) exist. Of these, the GPC3 gene on chromosome Xq26.2 spans >500 kb with eight exons and encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (glypican 3 [GPC3]), which binds and regulates the activities of various extracellular ligands essential to cellular functions.
Targeting GPC3high cancer-associated fibroblasts sensitizing the PD-1 blockage therapy in gastric cancer
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Dinuo Li, Yu Wang, Ce Shi, Shuai Fu, Yi-Fei Sun, Chen Li
In order to make clear the changes of cell trajectory of CAFs in different depth of layers of GC tissues. We performed the pseudotime analysis for trajectory change of fibroblast clusters of the all samples. The UMAP map showed single-cell trajectory of CAFs in all samples, and with the depth of tumour invasion in GC, we can find fibroblasts have a changing trajectory from normal gastric or superficial GC tissues to deep layers of GC tissues (Figure 3(A)). Moreover, we found C7, CXCL14, DNAJB1, EGR1, FOSB, GPC3, JUNB, KCNN3, MGP, ZFP36 are involved the changing trajectory of fibroblasts from normal gastric or superficial GC tissues to deep layers of GC tissues (Figure 3(B)). The different expression genes between deep layers of GC tissues and normal gastric or superficial GC tissues was shown in Figure 3(C). Interesting, Glypican-3 (GPC3) was mainly high expression in the fibroblasts of GC, as well as mainly up-regulated in the deep layers clusters of fibroblasts in GC tissues (Figure 3(D)).
Osteoclast-like giant cells in hepatocellular carcinoma case description and review of the literature
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2023
Anke H. C. Gielen, Iryna Samarska, Marcel Den Dulk, Jan Beckervordersandforth, Kees H. C. Dejong, Stefan A. W. Bouwense, Maxime Dewulf
Microscopically, the neoplasm was composed of two distinct cell populations (Figure 2). One component consisted of well differentiated, large neoplastic cells. These cells had an eosinophilic cytoplasm, large nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Some areas showed steatohepatitic differentiation. These neoplastic cells were positive for hepatocellular marker hepar-1 and negative for histiocyte marker CD68 by immunohistochemistry. The marker of hepatocellular malignancy glypican-3 was also positive in these cells. The second component was composed of numerous multinucleated OGC, positive for CD68 and negative for hepar-1 and glypican-3 (Figure 3). The immunohistochemistry for β-catenin was negative in both components. The collateral liver parenchyma showed morphological aspects of NASH and cirrhosis. The pathological diagnosis was well-differentiated HCC with partial steatohepatitic morphology and with OGC, pT3 N0 L0 V0 Pn0 R0 based on the eighth TNM classification [24].
Hepatocellular carcinoma: an update on investigational drugs in phase I and II clinical trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2019
Anne Noonan, Timothy M. Pawlik
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is cell surface protein that is overexpressed even in the early stage of HCC. GPC3 is implicated in cell proliferation by binding growth factors such as Wnt, fibroblast growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor and is also involved in the proliferation and differentiation of embryonic cells [38]. There are several targeted therapies and immunotherapies in development for GPC3. Codrituzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against GPC3 interacts with CD16/FccRIIIa and triggers antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Codrituzumab was tested in a phase II trial compared with placebo in patients with HCC who had progressed on prior sorafenib (NCT01507168). Patients were assigned into 3 cohorts based on their expression of GPC3 by IHC. Codrituzumab was well tolerated but the study failed to meet its primary endpoint of improvement in the median durations of progression-free survival or the secondary endpoint of improvement in overall survival of the codrituzumab-treated arm compared to placebo arm [39].